| CHAPTER I | |
| PAGE | |
| Simla | [1] |
| CHAPTER II | |
| Departure from Srinagar | [21] |
| CHAPTER III | |
| The Road to Leh | [35] |
| CHAPTER IV | |
| The Last Preparations | [46] |
| CHAPTER V | |
| The Start for Tibet | [60] |
| CHAPTER VI | |
| To the Edge of the Tibetan Tableland | [72] |
| CHAPTER VII | |
| Over the Crest of the Karakorum | [84] |
| CHAPTER VIII | |
| To Lake Lighten | [97] |
| CHAPTER IX | |
| On the Lake in a Storm | [106] |
| CHAPTER X | |
| Death in the Jaws of Wolves—or Shipwreck | [119] |
| CHAPTER XI | |
| Great Losses | [132] |
| CHAPTER XII | |
| In Unknown Country | [146] |
| CHAPTER XIII | |
| Unfortunate Days | [158] |
| CHAPTER XIV | |
| In the Land of the Wild Yak | [171] |
| CHAPTER XV | |
| The First Nomads | [181] |
| CHAPTER XVI | |
| Our Fortunes on the Way to the Bogtsang-tsangpo | [196] |
| CHAPTER XVII | |
| Christmas in the Wilds | [211] |
| CHAPTER XVIII | |
| Ten Days on the Ice of Ngangtse-tso | [223] |
| CHAPTER XIX | |
| Driven Back | [236] |
| CHAPTER XX | |
| Onwards through the Forbidden Land | [249] |
| CHAPTER XXI | |
| Over the Trans-Himalaya | [264] |
| CHAPTER XXII | |
| To the Bank of the Brahmaputra | [276] |
| CHAPTER XXIII | |
| Down the Tsangpo by Boat—Entry into Shigatse | [288] |
| CHAPTER XXIV | |
| The New Year Festival | [301] |
| CHAPTER XXV | |
| The Tashi Lama | [317] |
| CHAPTER XXVI | |
| The Graves of the Pontiffs | [329] |
| CHAPTER XXVII | |
| Popular Amusements of the Tibetans | [340] |
| CHAPTER XXVIII | |
| Monks and Pilgrims | [347] |
| CHAPTER XXIX | |
| Walks in Tashi-lunpo—The Disposal of the Dead | [361] |
| CHAPTER XXX | |
| Our Life in Shigatse | [374] |
| CHAPTER XXXI | |
| Political Complications | [388] |
| CHAPTER XXXII | |
| Tarting-gompa and Tashi-gembe | [402] |
| CHAPTER XXXIII | |
| The Raga-tsangpo and the My-chu | [415] |
| CHAPTER XXXIV | |
| To Linga-gompa | [427] |
ILLUSTRATIONS
| PAGE | |
| 1. Lord Minto, Viceroy of India | Frontispiece |
| 2. Colonel Sir Francis Younghusband, Commander of the English Expedition to Tibet, Resident in Kashmir | [10] |
| 3. Colonel J. R. Dunlop Smith, Private Secretary to the Viceroy | [10] |
| 4. Viceregal Lodge in Simla | [12] |
| 5. Lady Minto and the Author on the Terrace of the Viceregal Lodge | [14] |
| 6. Herbert, Viscount Kitchener of Khartum, Late Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army | [18] |
| 7. The Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir | [22] |
| 8. Palace of H.H. the Maharaja of Kashmir in Srinagar | [26] |
| 9. The Jhelam in Srinagar | [28] |
| 10. The Start from Ganderbal | [30] |
| 11. My Escort | [30] |
| 12. My Three Puppies | [32] |
| 13. Robert, the Eurasian | [32] |
| 14. Ganpat Sing, the Rajput | [32] |
| 15. Manuel, the Cook | [32] |
| 16. In Front of Nedou’s Hotel in Srinagar | [34] |
| 17. Some of our Mules | [34] |
| 18. An Amateur Photographer photographed | [34] |
| 19. The Road to Baltal | [38] |
| 20. Kargil | [40] |
| 21. Chhorten in Lamayuru | [40] |
| 22. Church Music in Lamayuru | [42] |
| 23. Portrait of a Lama | [42] |
| 24. Portrait of a Lama | [42] |
| 25. The Sumto Valley | [44] |
| 26. Bridge of Alchi | [44] |
| 27. Girl in Niemo | [44] |
| 28, 29. Palace of the Kings of Ladak in Leh | [44] |
| 30. Muhamed Isa | [46] |
| 31. Guffaru | [52] |
| 32. The Raja of Stok | [56] |
| 33. Portal of the Palace in Leh | [56] |
| 34. View over the Indus Valley from the Roof of the Palace in Leh | [56] |
| 35. Lama of High Rank in Leh | [56] |
| 36. Monuments to Stoliczka and Dalgleish, Leh | [58] |
| 37. Religious Objects from Sanskar | [60] |
| 38. Images of Gods. A miniature Chhorten on the right. Holy Books, Temple Vessels. On either side of the small Altar-table wooden blocks with which the Holy Books are printed | [60] |
| 39. Tikze-gompa, Monastery in Ladak | [62] |
| 40. Masked Lamas in the Court of Ceremonies in Hemis-gompa (Ladak) | [64] |
| 41. Group of Masked Lamas in Hemis-gompa | [64] |
| 42. From Singrul, looking towards the Pass, Chang-la | [66] |
| 43. View from Sultak, August 17, 1906 | [66] |
| 44. Drugub | [66] |
| 45. My old friend Hiraman from Ladak | [70] |
| 46. Chiefs of Tankse and Pobrang; Muhamed Isa, the Caravan Leader, in the Background | [70] |
| 47. The Way to the Marsimik-la | [74] |
| 48. Spanglung | [74] |
| 49. Spanglung | [78] |
| 50. Camp near Pamzal | [78] |
| 51. The Chang-chenmo and the Way to Gogra | [78] |
| 52. Muhamed Isa in the River Chang-chenmo near Pamzal | [80] |
| 53. Rabsang, Adul, Tsering, and Muhamed Isa | [82] |
| 54. Our Horses at the Karakorum | [82] |
| 55. In the Snow, N.E. of Chang-lung-yogma | [86] |
| 56. My Tent | [86] |
| 57. Lake Lighten | [86] |
| 58a, 58b. Pantholops Antelope | [90] |
| 59, 60. Ovis Ammon | [90] |
| 61. A Gully at Camp 8 (Aksai-chin) | [94] |
| 62. The hired Ladakis and the Provision Sacks in North-West Chang-tang | [98] |
| 63. Namgyal with a Sack of Yak-dung | [98] |
| 64. Shelter of Provision Sacks | [100] |
| 65. Camp in a narrow Valley, Camp 41 | [100] |
| 66. Robert, Muhamed Isa, and two Servants by a Fire | [100] |
| 67. The large piebald Yarkand Horse | [104] |
| 68, 69. The Slain Yaks; Tundup Sonam, the Hunter on the left in 68 | [104] |
| 70. Rehim Ali, one of my Ladakis on the First Crossing of Tibet | [108] |
| 71. Starting on a Voyage | [110] |
| 72. In Peril on Lake Lighten | [112] |
| 73. The Author and Rehim Ali pull the Boat out of the Waves up on to the Shore | [116] |
| 74. Camp at the Yeshil-kul | [118] |
| 75. The Pul-tso, looking East | [118] |
| 76. Horses and Mules in open Country | [118] |
| 77. Death in the Jaws of Wolves—or Shipwreck | [122] |
| 78. A Dangerous Situation on the Yeshil-kul. In Moonshine | [126] |
| 79. At Deasy’s Camp | [132] |
| 80. Afternoon Tea in the open Air | [132] |
| 81. Melting Snow for Drinking-Water | [132] |
| 82. Preparations for Dinner at Camp 41 | [152] |
| 83. The Author, Robert, and Rehim Ali attacked by a wounded Yak | [170] |
| 84. Rehim Ali falls to the Ground and thus rescues us from the furious Yak | [174] |
| 85, 86. The First Tibetans | [180] |
| 87. Smoking Camp-fires in the Heart of Chang-tang | [186] |
| 88. Our Yaks, bought from the First Tibetans | [186] |
| 89. “Where are you going?” they asked me | [200] |
| 90. Near the Dangra-yum-tso | [216] |
| 91, 92, 93. On the Ngangtse-tso | [226] |
| 94. In a Snowstorm on the Ice of the Ngangtse-tso | [234] |
| 95. Hlaje Tsering and his Travelling Companion, a Lama, at my Tent on the Ngangtse-tso | [242] |
| 96. Servants of Hlaje Tsering | [252] |
| 97. Messenger with Letters from Home, and his Travelling Companion | [252] |
| 98. Hlaje Tsering setting out | [252] |
| 99. Three Tibetans saluting | [264] |
| 100. Pass of La-rock. Mani Heap with Fluttering Prayer-Streamers | [274] |
| 101. On the Bank of the Tsangpo (Brahmaputra) | [274] |
| 102. The Tsangpo with Floating Ice | [282] |
| 103. The Valley of the Tsangpo above Shigatse | [282] |
| 104. House in the Village of Rungma | [286] |
| 105. Garden of the Tashi Lama in the Village of Tanak | [286] |
| 106. Ferry-Boats | [290] |
| 107. Pilgrims on the Way to Tashi-lunpo | [290] |
| 108. Court of Religious Ceremonies in Tashi-lunpo | [296] |
| 109. Religious Decorations on the Roofs of Tashi-lunpo to exorcise Evil Spirits | [296] |
| 110. The Upper Balcony of the Court of Ceremonies in Tashi-lunpo | [300] |
| 111, 112. The Profanum Vulgus at the New Year Festival in Shigatse | [304] |
| 113. Lama with Shell-Trumpet | [306] |
| 114. Lama with Flute used in Religious Services | [306] |
| 115, 116, 117. Lamas in Dancing Masks | [308] |
| 118. View of Tashi-lunpo | [310] |
| 119. Street in Tashi-lunpo, with Lamas | [312] |
| 120. Street in Tashi-lunpo | [314] |
| 121. The Labrang, the Palace of the Tashi Lama | [316] |
| 122. Interior of the Palace of the Tashi Lama | [322] |
| 123. View of a Part of Tashi-lunpo, with the Façade of a Mausoleum of a Grand Lama | [324] |
| 124. Façade of the Mausoleum of the First Tashi Lama. The Court of Ceremonies in the Foreground | [326] |
| 125, 126. Interiors of two Mausoleums of Grand Lamas in Tashi-lunpo | [328] |
| 127. The Kanjur-lhakang in Tashi-lunpo | [330] |
| 128. Portal of the Mausoleum of the Third Tashi Lama in Tashi-lunpo | [332] |
| 129. The Namgyal-lhakang with the Figure of Tsong Kapa, in Tashi-lunpo Coloured | [334] |
| 130. Reading Lama with Dorche (Thunderbolt) and Drilbu (Prayer-Bell) | [336] |
| 131. Lama with Prayer-Drum | [336] |
| 132. Entrance to the Tomb of the Fifth Tashi Lama in Tashi-lunpo Coloured | [338] |
| 133. Staircase to the Mausoleum of the Fifth Tashi Lama in Tashi-lunpo | [340] |
| 134. Shigatse-dzong (the Fortress) | [342] |
| 135. Shigatse, Capital of the Province of Chang (11,880 feet) | [344] |
| 136. Chinese New Year Festival in my Garden | [346] |
| 137. Some of the Members in the Shooting Competition at the New Year Festival | [346] |
| 138. Popular Diversion in Shigatse | [348] |
| 139. Nepalese performing Symbolical Dances at the New Year Festival | [350] |
| 140. Dancing Nepalese at the New Year Festival, Tashi-lunpo | [352] |
| 141. The Kitchen in Tashi-lunpo | [354] |
| 142. Colonnade in Tashi-lunpo | [354] |
| 143. Lamas drinking Tea in the Court of Ceremonies in Tashi-lunpo | [358] |
| 144. Part of Shigatse | [362] |
| 145. The Tashi Lama returning to the Labrang after a Ceremony | [362] |
| 146. The Panchen Rinpoche, or Tashi Lama | [366] |
| 147. Portrait of the Tashi Lama | [370] |
| 148. Lamas with Copper Tea-pots | [374] |
| 149. Female Pilgrim from Nam-tso and Mendicant Lama | [374] |
| 150. The Great Red Gallery of Tashi-lunpo | [376] |
| 151. Chhorten in Tashi-lunpo | [378] |
| 152. Portal in Tashi-lunpo | [380] |
| 153. Group of Lamas in Tashi-lunpo | [380] |
| 154. Lecture in Tashi-lunpo | [382] |
| 155. Female Pilgrims from the Nam-tso | [384] |
| 156. Tibetans in Shigatse | [384] |
| 157, 158, 159. Tibetan Girl and Women in Shigatse | [386] |
| 160. A Chinaman in Shigatse | [388] |
| 161. A Tibetan in Shigatse | [388] |
| 162. A Lama in Tashi-lunpo | [388] |
| 163. Door-keeper in Tsong Kapa’s Temple | [388] |
| 164. Dancing Boys with Drums | [390] |
| 165. Wandering Nun with a Tanka depicting a Religious Legend and singing the Explanation. (In our Garden at Shigatse.) | [394] |
| 166. Gandän-chöding-gompa, a Nunnery in Ye | [394] |
| 167. Duke Kung Gushuk, Brother of the Tashi Lama | [398] |
| 168. The little Brother of the Tashi Lama, the Wife of Kung Gushuk, and her five Servants | [402] |
| 169. The little Brother of His Holiness with a Servant | [404] |
| 170. The Author drawing the Duchess Kung Gushuk | [406] |
| 171. Major W. F. O’Connor, British Trade Agent in Gyangtse, now Consul in Seistan | [408] |
| 172. Captain C. G. Rawling | [408] |
| 173, 174. Tarting-gompa | [410] |
| 175. Linga-gompa | [410] |
| 176. Lung-Ganden-gompa near Tong | [410] |
| 177. Inscription and Figure of Buddha carved in Granite near the Village of Lingö | [410] |
| 178. Tarting-gompa | [412] |
| 179. Sego-chummo Lhakang in Tarting-gompa | [412] |
| 180. Bridge to the Monastery Pinzoling (on the right) | [414] |
| 181. Group of Tibetans in the Village of Tong | [418] |
| 182. Inhabitants of the Village of Govo | [418] |
| 183. Lama in Tong | [422] |
| 184. Old Tibetan | [422] |
| 185. Strolling Musicians | [424] |
| 186. The Handsome Woman, Putön | [426] |
| 187. On the My-chu near Linga | [430] |
| 188. Village and Monastery of Linga | [430] |
MAPS
| 1. | The Latest Map of Tibet. |
| 2. | Carte Générale du Thibet ou Bout-tan. |
| 3. | Map of Southern Tibet (Hodgson). |
| 4. | The Source-Region of the Brahmaputra (Nain Sing). |
| 5. | Sketch-Map of Webber’s Route in 1866. |
| 6. | Saunders’ Map of South Tibet. |
| 7. | The Source-Region of the Brahmaputra (Ryder). |
| (At end of Volume.) | |
CHAPTER I