[41] Nöldeke.
[42] The family of Hâshim and the family of Ommeya, distantly connected with each other, were two of the most prominent in Mecca; and for a long time there had existed among the latter a bitter feeling of hatred and jealousy towards the Hâshimides on account of their pre-eminence and worth. Mohammed belonged to the family of Hâshim; and the bulk of the Ommeyades were amongst his foremost persecutors. Osmân was one of the few among them who had accepted Islâm before the Hegira.
[43] For an account of this tragedy, see Gibbon, vol. vi. p. 279, and Short History of the Saracens, pp. 83-87. Hussain was married to a daughter of Yezdjard the last King of Persia. The life of the lad, saved by the indomitable Arab courage of Zainab, the sister of Hussain, gave to Islâm its nobility, for in him was united the blood of the Prophet with that of the Sassanide monarchs of Persia.
[44] See Short History of the Saracens, chap. xxix.
[45] Cairo (al-Kâhira) was founded by one of the generals of al-Muiz the contemporary and rival of an-Nâsir the Ommeyade Caliph of Cordova; see Short History of the Saracens.
[46] See The Spirit of Islâm.
[47] See Short History of the Saracens, p. 348.
[48] See Short History of the Saracens.
[49] See The Spirit of Islâm.
[50] The Duo-decemian. So called as it recognises the spiritual headship of the twelve Apostles of the House of Mohammed.