List of Tables

Page
Table [I]. The twenty Maya day names 37
[II]. Sequence of Maya days 42
[III]. The divisions of the Maya year 45
[IV]. Positions of days at the end of a year 48
[V]. Relative positions of days beginning Maya years53
[VI]. Positions of days in divisions of Maya year 55
[VII]. Positions of days in divisions of Maya year according to Maya notation 55
[VIII]. The Maya time-periods 62
[IX]. Sequence of katuns in u kahlay katunob 80
[X]. Characteristics of head-variant numerals 0-19, inclusive 103
[XI]. Sequence of twenty consecutive dates in the month Pop 111
[XII]. Comparison of the two methods of numeration 133
[XIII]. Values of higher periods in terms of lowest, in inscriptions 135
[XIV]. Values of higher periods in terms of lowest, in codices 135
[XV]. The 365 positions in the Maya year 141
[XVI]. 80 Calendar Rounds expressed in Arabic and Maya notation 143
[XVII]. Interrelationship of dates on Stelæ E, F, and J and Zoömorph G, Quirigua 239

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page
Plate [1]. The Maya territory, showing locations of principal cities (map) 1
[2]. Diagram showing periods of occupancy of principal southern cities 15
[3]. Page 74 of the Dresden Codex, showing the end of the world (according to Förstemann) 32
[4]. Diagram showing occurrence of dates recorded in Cycle 9 35
[5]. Tonalamatl wheel, showing sequence of the 260 differently named days 43
[6]. Glyphs representing Initial Series, showing use of bar and dot numerals and normal-form period glyphs 157
[7]. Glyphs representing Initial Series, showing use of bar and dot numerals and head-variant period glyphs 167
[8]. Glyphs representing Initial Series, showing use of bar and dot numerals and head-variant period glyphs 170
[9]. Glyphs representing Initial Series, showing use of bar and dot numerals and head-variant period glyphs 176
[10]. Glyphs representing Initial Series, showing use of bar and dot numerals and head-variant period glyphs—Stela 3, Tikal 178
[11]. Glyphs representing Initial Series, showing use of bar and dot numerals and head-variant period glyphs—Stela A (east side), Quirigua 179
[12]. Glyphs representing Initial Series, showing use of head-variant numerals and period glyphs 180
[13]. Oldest Initial Series at Copan—Stela 15 187
[14]. Initial Series on Stela D, Copan, showing full-figure numeral glyphs and period glyphs 188
[15]. Initial Series on Stela J, Copan 191
[16]. Initial Series and Secondary Series on Lintel 21, Yaxchilan 207
[17]. Initial Series and Secondary Series on Stela 1, Piedras Negras 210
[18]. Initial Series and Secondary Series on Stela K, Quirigua 213
[19]. Initial Series and Secondary Series on Stela F (west side), Quirigua 218
[20]. Initial Series on Stela F (east side), Quirigua 220
[21]. Examples of Period-ending dates in Cycle 9 223
[22]. Examples of Period-ending dates in cycles other than Cycle 9 227
[23]. Initial Series, Secondary Series, and Period-ending dates on Stela 3, Piedras Negras 233
[24]. Initial Series, Secondary Series, and Period-ending dates on Stela E (west side), Quirigua 235
[25]. Calendar-round dates on Altar 5, Tikal 240
[26]. Initial Series on Stela N, Copan, showing error in month coefficient 248
[27]. Page 12 of the Dresden Codex, showing tonalamatls in all three divisions 254
[28]. Page 15 of the Dresden Codex, showing tonalamatls in all three divisions 260
[29]. Middle divisions of pages 10 and 11 of the Codex Tro-Cortesiano, showing one tonalamatl extending across the two pages 262
[30]. Page 102 of the Codex Tro-Cortesiano, showing tonalamatls in the lower three divisions 263
[31]. Page 24 of the Dresden Codex, showing Initial Series 266
[32]. Page 62 of the Dresden Codex, showing the Serpent Numbers 273
Figure [1]. Itzamna, chief deity of the Maya Pantheon 16
[2]. Kukulcan, God of Learning 17
[3]. Ahpuch, God of Death 17
[4]. The God of War 17
[5]. Ek Ahau, the Black Captain, war deity 18
[6]. Yum Kaax, Lord of the Harvest 18
[7]. Xaman Ek, the North Star God 19
[8]. Conflict between the Gods of Life and Death (Kukulcan and Ahpuch) 19
[9]. Outlines of the glyphs 22
[10]. Examples of glyph elision, showing elimination of all parts except essential element 23
[11]. Normal-form and head-variant glyphs, showing retention of essential element in each 24
[12]. Normal-form and head-variant glyphs, showing absence of common essential element 25
[13]. Glyphs built up on a phonetic basis 28
[14]. A rebus. Aztec, and probably Maya, personal and place names were written in a corresponding manner 29
[15]. Aztec place names 30
[16]. The day signs in the inscriptions 38
[17]. The day signs in the codices 39
[18]. Sign for the tonalamatl (according to Goodman) 44
[19]. The month signs in the inscriptions 49
[20]. The month signs in the codices 50
[21]. Diagram showing engagement of tonalamatl wheel of 260 days and haab wheel of 365 positions; the combination of the two giving the Calendar Round, or 52-year period 57
[22]. Signs for the Calendar Round 59
[23]. Diagram showing section of Calendar-round wheel 64
[24]. Initial-series "introducing glyph" 65
[25]. Signs for the cycle 68
[26]. Full-figure variant of cycle sign 69
[27]. Signs for the katun 69
[28]. Full-figure variant of katun sign 70
[29]. Signs for the tun 70
[30]. Full-figure variant of tun sign 70
[31]. Signs for the uinal 71
[32]. Full-figure variant of uinal sign on Zoömorph B, Quirigua 71
[33]. Full-figure variant of uinal sign on Stela D, Copan 71
[34]. Signs for the kin 72
[35]. Full-figure variant of kin sign 73
[36]. Period glyphs, from widely separated sites and of different epochs, showing persistence of essential elements 74
[37]. Ending signs and elements 78
[38]. "Snake" or "knot" element as used with day sign Ahau, possibly indicating presence of the u kahlay katunob in the inscriptions 83
[39]. Normal forms of numerals 1 to 19, inclusive, in the codices 88
[40]. Normal forms of numerals 1 to 19, inclusive, in the inscriptions 89
[41]. Examples of bar and dot numeral 5, showing the ornamentation which the bar underwent without affecting its numerical value 89
[42]. Examples showing the way in which numerals 1, 2, 6, 7, 11, 12,16, and 17 are not used with period, day, or month signs 90
[43]. Examples showing the way in which numerals 1, 2, 6, 7, 11, 12,16, and 17 are used with period, day, or month signs 90
[44]. Normal forms of numerals 1 to 13, inclusive, in the Books of Chilan Balam 91
[45]. Sign for 20 in the codices 92
[46]. Sign for 0 in the codices 92
[47]. Sign for 0 in the inscriptions 93
[48]. Figure showing possible derivation of the sign for 0 in the inscriptions 93
[49]. Special sign for 0 used exclusively as a month coefficient 94
[50]. Examples of the use of bar and dot numerals with period, day, or month signs 95
[51]. Head-variant numerals 1 to 7, inclusive 97
[52]. Head-variant numerals 8 to 13, inclusive 98
[53]. Head-variant numerals 14 to 19, inclusive, and 0 99
[54]. A sign for 0, used also to express the idea "ending" or "end of" in Period-ending dates 102
[55]. Examples of the use of head-variant numerals with period, day,or month signs 104
[56]. Examples of the first method of numeration, used almost exclusively in the inscriptions 105
[57]. Signs for the cycle showing coefficients above 13 110
[58]. Part of the inscription on Stela N, Copan, showing a number composed of six periods 115
[59]. Part of the inscription in the Temple of the Inscriptions, Palenque, showing a number composed of seven periods 115
[60]. Part of the inscription on Stela 10, Tikal (probably an Initial Series), showing a number composed of eight periods 115
[61]. Signs for the great cycle and the great-great cycle 118
[62]. Glyphs showing misplacement of the kin coefficient or elimination of a period glyph 128
[63]. Examples of the second method of numeration, used exclusively in the codices 131
[64]. Figure showing the use of the "minus" or "backward" sign in the codices 137
[65]. Sign for the "month indicator" 153
[66]. Diagram showing the method of designating particular glyphs in a text 156
[67]. Signs representing the hotun, or 5-tun, period 166
[68]. Initial Series showing bar and dot numerals and head-variant period glyphs 174
[69]. Initial Series showing head-variant numerals and period glyphs 183
[70]. Initial Series showing head-variant numerals and period glyphs 186
[71]. Initial Series on Stela H, Quirigua 193
[72]. The tun, uinal, and kin coefficients on Stela H, Quirigua 194
[73]. The Initial Series on the Tuxtla Statuette, the oldest Initial Series known (in the early part of Cycle 8) 195
[74]. The introducing glyph (?) of the Initial Series on the Tuxtla Statuette 196
[75]. Drawings of the Initial Series: A, On the Leyden Plate; B, on a lintel from the Temple of the Initial Series, Chichen Itza 197
[76]. The Cycle-10 Initial Series from Quen Santo 200
[77]. Initial Series which proceed from a date prior to 4 Ahau8 Cumhu, the starting point of Maya chronology 204
[78]. The Initial Series on Stela J, Quirigua 215
[79]. The Secondary Series on Stela J, Quirigua 216
[80]. Glyphs which may disclose the nature of the events that happened at Quirigua on the dates: a, 9. 14. 13. 4. 17 12 Caban 5 Kayab; b, 9. 15. 6. 14. 6 6 Cimi 4 Tzec 221
[81]. The Initial Series, Secondary Series, and Period-ending date on Altar S, Copan 232
[82]. The Initial Series on Stela E (east side), Quirigua 236
[83]. Calendar-round dates 241
[84]. Texts showing actual errors in the originals 245
[85]. Example of first method of numeration in the codices (part of page 69 of the Dresden Codex) 275

BIBLIOGRAPHY