History of Chemistry, Volume 1 (of 2) / From the earliest time to the middle of the nineteenth century

by T. E. Thorpe

Thorpe, T. E. Joseph Priestley. Dent and Co., London, 1906.

Wilson, George. Life of Cavendish. Cavendish Society, London, 1851.

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INDEX

• Æneas Garæus, [35]
• Agricola, Georg, [66]
• Aidoneous, god of earth, [22]
• Albertus Magnus, [40], [47]
• Alchemy, [28]
• and astrology, [36]
• its character, [39]
• Alkahest, [51]
• Anastatius the Sinaite, [35]
• Anaxagoras, [26]
• Anaximenes, [21]
• Aqua regia, [39]
• Arabian learning, influence on Western Europe, [25]
• Archæus, [59]
• Argentarium, [10]
• Argentum vivum, [11]
• Aristotle, his doctrine of “elements”, [23]
• his character as a man of science, [24]
• Arnoldus Villanovanus (Arnaud de Villeneuve), [42], [47], [48], [51]
• Arvidson, [155]
• Arrenichon, [13]
• Ars Transmutatoria, [46]
• Artephius, [49]
• Astrology and alchemy, [36]
• Atoms, ancient theories of, [26]
• Atramentum, [14]
• Aurichalcum, [9]
• Auri pigmentum (orpiment), [13]
• Averroes, [25], [38]
• Avicenna, [38]
• Avogadro, [181]
• Bacon, Roger, [40], [41]
• Bacon, Lord, [55]
• Baldwin’s phosphorus, [80]
• Bartoletti, Fabrizio, [155]
• Basil Valentine, [43], [47], [49], [156]
• Bathurst, Ralph, [74]
• Becher, John Joachim, [81], [156]
• Benther, David, alchemist, [53]
• Bergman, [94], [107], [124], [158], [160]
• Berigard de Pisa, [48]
• Berthollet, Claude-Louis, [116] et seq., [156], [160], [164]
• Berthelot, [37]
• Berzelius, Jöns Jakob, [133], [156], [159], [160], [164]
• Black, Joseph, [98] et seq., [171]
• Bochart, [4]
• Boerhaave, 3–[20], [35], [42], [49], [51], [106]
• his life and work, [84] et seq.
• Bolim, [160]
• Borri, [53]
• Botryitis, [12]
• Bouillon-Lagrange, [158]
• Boullay, [162], [167]
• Boyle, Robert [20], [72] et seq., [107], [113], [155], [157], [159], [175], [177]
• Bragadino, alchemist, [53]
• Brooke Taylor, [171]
• Brugnatelli, [158], [161]
• Cadmia, [12]
• Cœruleum, [12]
• Caligula, [34]
• Carbunculus, [48]
• Cardan, [110]
• Cavendish, [94], [102] et seq., [107], [171]
• Caventou, [162]
• Cerium, its discovery, [121]
• Cerussa, [10]
• usta, [12]
• Chalcantum (copper sulphate), [12]
• Charles, [178]
• Chalybes, smelters of iron, [11]
• Chemistry of the ancients, [1]
• Chenevix, [157]
• Chevreul, [54], [162]
• Chlorine, discovery of, [107]
• Chromium, discovery of, [120]
• Chrysocolla, [12]
• Cinnabar, use as pigment, [13]
• Clouet, [180]
• Clytemius, John, [54]
• Cobalt, discovered by Brandt, [107]
• Combining proportion, [129]
• Conservation of matter, [113]
• Conringius, Hermann, [51]
• Copper, Egyptian, [8]
• Roman, [9]
• Cordus Valerius, [69]
• Crawford, [107], [172]
• Croll, Oswald, [65]
• Cronstedt, [107]
• Cyanogen, discovery of, [151]
• Dalton, [125] et seq., [178], [181]
• Davy, [29], [141]
• Dee, John, [53]
• Delambre, [116]
• Demokritos, [26]
• De Re Metallica, [66]
• Derosne, [157]
• Dickinson, [50]
• Diodorus Siculus, [7]
• Dioscorides, [156], [160]
• Döbereiner, [155], [162], [167]
• Dorn, [60]
• Duchesne, [61]
• Duhamel, [98], [157]
• Dumas, [162], [167], [168], [181]
• Dulong, [158], [173], [174]
• Dyeing by the Egyptians, [14]
• Egypt, birthplace of chemistry, [1]
• Electrum, [8]
• Elementa Chemia, [87]
• “Elements,” Aristotelian, qualities of, [23]
• Elephantinum, [14]
• Elixir, [32]
• Eller, [94]
• Empedokles, [23]
• Erastius, Thomas, [51]
• Equivalent, [129]
• Fæx vini, [137]
• Fischer, G. E., [124]
• Flos æris, [12]
• Fourcroy, [112], [118], [155], [158], [161], [162]
• Frankland, [168]
• Gahn, [108]
• Gas sylvestre, [63]
• Gay Lussac, [150], [155], [161], [164], [167], [178], [181]
• Geber, [36]
• theory of metals, [37], [156]
• Generation of metals, [33]
• Geoffroy, [106]
• Gerhardt, [168]
• Glass, known to the ancients, [15]
• Glauber, Johann Rudolf, [68]
• Glucinum, its discovery, [120]
• Gmelin, L. [161]
• Gold, extraction by ancients, [7]
• Goulard, [157]
• Gomes, [161]
• Göttling, [156]
• Graham, Thomas, [178]
• Gresham College, [74]
• Gualdo, [49]
• Guyton de Morveau, [112], [160]
• Hæmatinon, [15]
• Hales, Stephen, [89]
• “Harmonics,” Paracelsian, [61]
• Hauy, [176]
• Hellot, [108]
• Helmont, John Baptist van, [63]
• Helvetius, [48]
• Hennel, [155]
• Henry, [181]
• Herakleitos, [21]
• Here, god of air, [22]
• Hermbstädt, [158]
• Hermes Trismegistus, [4], [33]
• “Hermes of Germany, the”, [52]
• Hoffmann, [106]
• Homberg, William, [84]
• Houton-Labillardière, [158]
• Howard, [161]
• Hyalos, use of, for kindling fire, [15]
• Hydrargyrum, [11]
• Iatro-chemistry, [57]
• Ink of the ancients, [14]
• Ingenhousz, [21]
• Invisible College, the, [74]
• Iron, use of, by the ancients, [10]
• Irvine, [172]
• Isaac of Holland, [49]
• Isomerism, [165]
• Isomorphism, discovery of, [176]
• “Kalid,” his philosopher’s stone, [48]
• Key of Wisdom, [53]
• Kircher, [51]
• Kirchhoff, [162]
• Kirwan, [113]
• Klaproth, [120], [160]
• Klettenberg, Hector de, [54]
• Kopp, [181]
• Krohnemann, William de, [53]
• Kunkel, John, [51], [79]
• Laboratorium Chymicum, [80]
• Lac Virginis, [157]
• Lagrange, [116]
• Laplace, [172]
• Latent heat, [99], [172]
• Lauraquais, [155]
• Laurent, [168]
• Lavoisier, [20], [22], [109]
• antiphlogistic theory, [112], [116], [156], [164], [166], [173]
• Law of Dulong and Petit, [173], [174]
• Law of electrolytic action, [153]
• Lead, known to the ancients, [10]
• Leblanc, [108]
• Lehmann, [159]
• Lemery, Nicolas, [83], [154], [156]
• Leo Africanus, [36]
• Leukippos, [26]
• Libavius, Andreas (Libau), [62], [155], [157]
• Lieber, Thomas, [65]
• Liebig, [155], [156], [159], [164], [167]
• Löwiz, [156]
• Lucretius, [26], [27]
• Lully, Raymund, [41], [47], [49]
• Macquer, [98]
• Magistery, grand, [48]
• small, [48]
• Magnesia alba, nature of, [107]
• Manganese, discovery of, [107]
• Marggraf, [95], [107], [108], [157]
• Marie Ziglerin burnt, [53]
• Martian preparations, [37]
• Marriotte, [178]
• Maternus, Julius Firmicus, [35]
• Mayerne, Turquet de, [65]
• Mayow, John, [82] et seq.
• Medicine and Astrology, [58]
• Melinum, 13–[14]
• Menethes Sibonita, [3]
• “Mercury,” as “element”, [31]
• Mercury, receipt for fixing, [50]
• Metallurgy of the ancients, [7]
• Metals of the phlogistians, [104]
• Minderer, Raymond, [157]
• Minium, [12]
• Mitscherlich, [159], [175], [176], [177]
• Molybdena, [12]
• Monge, [180]
• Monro, Donald, [159]
• Mordants, Egyptian, [15]
• Mundamus, [43]
• Mynsicht, Adrian van, [65], [158]
• Narcotine, [161]
• Natron, used as a detergent, [16]
• Natterer, [180]
• Nestis, god of water, [22]
• Neumann, [94], [175]
• New System of Chemical Philosophy, Dalton’s, [129]
• Nickel, discovery of, [107]
• Nitrogen, discovery of, [107]
• Northmore, [180]
• Œrugo, [12]
• Oil of wine, [155]
• Okeanos, [19]
• Oleus Borrichius, [33]
• Olimpiodorus, [35]
• Onychitis, [12]
• Operinus, [60]
• Ostracitis, [12]
• Oxides, metallic, used by ancients to colour glass [15]
• Oxygen, its discovery, [105]
• influence of, on chemistry, [105]
• Palissy, Bernard, [67]
• Paracelsus, [40], [48], [57]
• Paratonium, [13]
• Pelletier, [162]
• Peligot, [162]
• Peripatetic philosophy, influence on science, [24]
• Petit, Alexis Therese, [173], [175]
• Pherekides, [21]
• Philosophia Orientalis, [38]
• Philosopher’s Stone, [32], [46], [49]
• Philosophical egg, [33]
• Phlogistonism, [95] et seq.
• Phosphorus, discovery of, [80], [107]
• Placitis, [12]
• Platinum, discovery of, [107]
• Plato’s doctrine of “elements”, [23]
• Pliny, [156]
• Plumbum album, [10]
• nigrum, [10]
• Pope John XXII., alchemist, [46]
• Porret, [160]
• Pott, [94], [95], [159]
• Price, James of Guildford, [54]
• Priestley, Joseph, [20], [22]
• his life and work, [99] et seq.
• Proust, Joseph Louis, [121]
• Purple of Cassius, [81]
• Purpurissum, [13]
• Quintessence of philosophers, [32]
• Raquetaillade, Jean de, [43]
• Realgar, [13]
• Reaumur, [108]
• Rey, [110]
• Rhazes, [38]
• Richter, Jeremiah Benjamin, [124]
• Ripley, George, [43]
• Robiquet, [161], [167]
• Roebuck, [108]
• Romé de L’Isle, [176]
• Rose, Gustav, [177]
• Rosenkreutz, Christian, [55]
• Rouelle, [94], [106], [159]
• Royal Society, foundation of, [74]
• Rubrica, [13]
• Rupecissa, Johannes de, [43]
• Saccharum plumbi quintessentiale, [157]
• Sala, Angelus, [65]
• Sal Armoniacum, [44]
• Sal Duplicatum, [81]
• Sal mirabile, [68]
• Sandarach, [13]
• Saturnine solutions, [37]
• Savary, [155]
• Sceptical Chemist, The, [70]
• Scheele, [96] et seq., [107], [155], [158], [159], [160], [166]
• Schroeder, [181]
• Scoria æris, [12]
• Sefström, [135]
• Seguin, [159]
• Seignette, Peter, [157]
• Selenium, its discovery, [135]
• Sennert, Daniel, [65]
• Sertürner, [161]
• Severinus, [61]
• Silver, known to the ancients, [7]
• Sinopis, [13]
• Soap, manufacture by Gauls, [15]
• Specific heat, discovery of, [99]
• Spiritus igno-aëreus, [82]
• Stahl, George Ernst, [92], [156]
• Stannum, [10]
• Statical Essays of Hales, [89]
• Statique Chimique, [117]
• Stephanus, [35]
• Stibium, [13]
• Stimmi, [13]
• Strontia, discovery of, [107]
• Suidas, [34]
• “Sulphur,” as “element”, [31]
• Sulzbach, [110]
• Sun worship, [22]
• Sylvius, Francis de le Boë, [64]
• Syncellus, [35]
• Tachenius, [69]
• Tartarus, doctrine of, [59], [157]
• Tellurium, discovery of, [121]
• Terra pinguis of Becher, [92]
• Tertiarium, [10]
• Tertullian, [19]
• Thales of Miletus, [19]
• Thénard, [152], [164]
• Theophrastus, [156]
• The Tincture, [32]
• Thilorier, [180]
• Thomson, Thomas, [129]
• Thorium, its discovery, [135]
• Thurneysser, Leonard, [53], [60]
• Tin, known to the Egyptians, [9]
• Transmutation, [28], [30]
• Trommsdorff, [157]
• Tubal Cain (Tuval-Cain), [7]
• Turquet de Mayerne, [158]
• Tyrian purple, [14]
• Valentine, Basil, [43], [47], [49], [156]
• Van Helmont, [20], [48], [63]
• Vasa murrhina, [15]
• Vauquelin, [119], [155], [158], [161], [162]
• Verdigris, [56]
• Vincent de Beauvais, [50]
• Von Ittner, [160]
• Wallis, John, [74]
• Ward, Seth, [74]
• “White” gold, [7]
• Wilcke, [172]
• Willis, Thomas, [64], [74]
• Wöhler, [161], [163], [167]
• Wollaston, [144], [176]
• Woodward, [160]
• Wray, [159]
• Wren, Christopher, [74]
• Zacharias, Daniel, [49]
• Zozimus the Panopolite, [4]

Transcriber’s Notes

Punctuation and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in this book; otherwise they were not changed.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; occasional unbalanced quotation marks retained.

Ambiguous hyphens at the ends of lines were retained; occurrences of inconsistent hyphenation have not been changed.

Index not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page references.