CHAPTER VIII.

THE CONQUEST OF NORTH WALES.
Execution of the Treaty of Shrewsbury.[155]
Llewelyn's refusal of homage.[156]
1277.Edward's first Welsh campaign.[157]
1277.Treaty of Aberconway.[159]
Edward's attempts to introduce English law into the ceded districts.[160]
1282.The Welsh revolt.[161]
1282.Edward's second Welsh campaign.[162]
Llewelyn's escape to the Upper Wye.[163]
11 Dec.Battle of Orewyn Bridge.[164]
1283.Parliaments and financial expedients.[164]
Subjection of Gwynedd completed.[165]
3 Oct.Parliament of Shrewsbury and execution of David.[165]
The Edwardian castles.[165]
Mid-Lent, 1284.Statute of Wales.[166]
Effect of the conquest upon the march.[167]
Peckham and the ecclesiastical settlement of Wales.[167]
1287.Revolt of Rhys ap Meredith.[168]

CHAPTER IX.

THE SICILIAN AND THE SCOTTISH ARBITRATIONS.
Edward I. at the height of his fame.[169]
April, 1286-Aug, 1289.Edward's long visit to France.[170]
1289.The Sicilian arbitration.[170]
1287.Treaty of Oloron.[171]
1288.Treaty of Canfranc.[171]
1291.Treaty of Tarascon.[171]
Maladministration during Edward's absence.[172]
Judicial and official scandals.[172]
1289.Special commission for the trial of offenders.[172]
1290.Statute of Westminster, the third (Quia emptores).[173]
The feud between Gloucester and Hereford.[174]
1291.The courts at Ystradvellte and Abergavenny.[174]
Humiliation of the marcher earls.[174]
1290.Expulsion of the Jews.[175]
The rise of the Italian bankers.[176]
1272-86.Early relations of Edward to Scotland.[177]
1286.Death of Alexander III. of Scotland.[177]
1286-89.Regency in the name of the Maid of Norway.[177]
1289.Treaty of Salisbury.[178]
1290.Treaty of Brigham.[178]
Death of the Maid of Norway.[179]
The claimants to the Scottish throne.[179]
May, 1291.Parliament of Norham. Edward recognised as overlord of Scotland.[181]
1291-92.The great suit for Scotland.[181]
17 Nov., 1292.John Balliol declared King of Scots.[183]
Edward's conduct in relation to Scotland.[183]
1290.Death of Eleanor of Castile.[184]
Transition to the later years of the reign.[184]
Edward's later ministers.[185]

CHAPTER X.

THE FRENCH AND SCOTTISH WARS AND THE CONFIRMATION OF THE CHARTERS.
Commercial rivalry of English and French seamen.[186]
15 May, 1293.Battle off Saint-Mahé.[186]
1294.Edmund of Lancaster's failure to procure a settlement with Philip IV.[187]
The French occupation of Gascony.[187]
June, 1294.War with France.[188]
Preparations for a French campaign.[188]
1294.Revolts of Madog, Maelgwn, and Morgan.[189]
Edward's danger at Aberconway.[189]
22 Jan., 1293.Battle of Maes Madog.[190]
July.Welsh revolts suppressed.[190]
1295.Failure of the Gascon campaign.[191]
Failure of attempted coalition against France.[191]
Organisation of the English navy.[192]
Treason of Sir Thomas Turberville.[192]
The naval attack on England.[192]
Rupture between Edward and the Scots.[193]
5 July.Alliance between the French and Scots.[194]
Nov.The "Model Parliament".[195]
1296.Gascon expedition and death of Edmund of Lancaster.[196]
Edward's invasion of Scotland.[196]
27 April.Battle of Dunbar.[197]
10 July.Submission of John Balliol.[197]
Conquest and administration of Scotland.[198]
The Ragman Roll.[198]
Sept., 1294.Consecration of Archbishop Winchelsea.[199]
29 Feb., 1296.Boniface VIII. issues Clericis laicos.[200]
Conflict of Edward and Winchelsea.[200]
24 Feb., 1297.Parliament at Salisbury.[202]
Conflict of Edward with the earls.[202]
July.Break up of the clerical opposition.[203]
Increasing moderation of baronial opposition.[204]
24 Aug.Edward's departure for Flanders.[205]
May.Revolt of the Scots under William Wallace.[205]
11 Sept.Battle of Stirling Bridge..[207]
12 Oct.Confirmation of the charters with new clauses.[208]

CHAPTER XI.