Fountain of Circulation.—Take a tube, twenty-four or thirty inches long, nearly half an inch in diameter, and with pretty thick sides; blow a bulb at one of its extremities, and bend the other into a U, after having drawn it out as indicated by [pl. 3], fig. 4. Pierce the tube at B, and join there a short piece adapted to receive a cork. Then prepare a bulb of the same size as the first bulb, and solder it to the extremity of a very long and almost capillary tube, which you must bend in zig-zag, in such a manner as to make it represent a Maltese cross, a star, a rose, or any other figure that may be suggested. The side of the bulb opposite to that which is attached to this twisted tube, ought to be formed like the neck of a bottle, in order that it may receive the drawn-out part of the larger tube, which should enter the bulb until the point of the large tube nearly touches the neck of the little tube at its junction with the bulb. This disposition is shewn in the figure. Seal now the other end of the little tube to the bulb of the large tube; then, with a little cement or sealing-wax, close the space between the bulb of the little tube and the point of the large tube. The instrument being thus prepared, as much alcohol, previously coloured red, must be inserted by the neck b as is sufficient to fill one of the bulbs. The neck is then closed with a cork, and a little cement or sealing-wax. Or, instead of forming this neck to the instrument, the additional piece may be drawn out to a point, which permits it to be sealed hermetically.
Fountain of Compression.—Introduce into a tube of large diameter a piece of capillary tube with thick sides. This must pass a little beyond the extremity of the large tube, which is to be softened and soldered to the other, so that it shall be fixed concentrically. The common point is then to be drawn out. When the tube is quite cold, and the small tube properly fixed in the centre of the large one, cut the latter at a proper distance, border it, and choke it near the end, which must be fashioned in such a manner as to be capable of being completely closed by a cork. See [pl. 2], fig. 29.
Intermitting Fountain.—This apparatus is represented by [pl. 3], fig. 16. Solder a cylindrical reservoir to the extremity of a capillary tube, pierced at a, and sealed at its extremity. Draw out abruptly the point of the reservoir, and give it a very small orifice; then give to the capillary tube the form indicated by the figure. Prepare next a funnel resembling a mercury-funnel, but much larger; choke the neck of this funnel, and bend the tube into the form of a syphon.
Hero’s Fountain.—Solder a bulb to the extremity of a tube, and transform the bulb into a funnel. Close the funnel with a cork, and solder to the other end of the tube a bulb similar to the first. Next, solder a third bulb between two tubes, of which one must be twice as long the other; solder the longer of these tubes to the bulb of the first tube, and draw out the point of the shorter tube. You have now a long tube, with a funnel at one end, a contracted point at the other, and two bulbs in its length. Give to the whole apparatus the form indicated by [pl. 3], fig. 21.
Funnels.—It will be seen, upon looking over the engravings, that funnels require to be made for a great variety of instruments; you ought therefore to acquire as soon as possible the art of making them well. The following are those most frequently required.