But we should not believe that we had attained the end which we had proposed to ourselves if we had not placed young students in a situation to repeat at their own houses, at little cost, and with the greatest facility, the experiments which are necessary to familiarise them with the sciences. It is with such a view that we present to them this little Treatise, which is destined to teach them the simplest, the most expeditious, the least expensive, and the most effectual methods of constructing themselves the various instruments which they require in the prosecution of their studies.

The word glass-blower, generally speaking, signifies a workman who occupies himself in making of glass and enamel, the instruments, vessels, and ornaments, which are fabricated on a larger scale in the glass-houses: but the domain of the sciences having laid the art of glass-blowing under contribution, the artists of the lamp have divided the labours thereof. Some apply themselves particularly to the construction of philosophical and chemical instruments; others occupy themselves with little ornamental objects, such as flowers, &c.; and, among the latter, some manufacture nothing but pearls, and others only artificial eyes. Finally, a few artists confine themselves to drawing and painting on enamel, which substance is previously applied to metallic surfaces by means of the fire of a muffle.

As we intend to treat separately of these different branches of the art, we commence with that of which the manipulation is the simplest.

Paris, 1829.


CONTENTS.


Page
I.—[Instruments employed in Glass-Blowing]1
[The Blowpipe]1
[The Glass-Blower’s Table]3
[The Eolipyle]5
[Blowpipe with Continued Current]5
[The Lamp]8
[The Candlestick]9
[Combustibles]9
[Oil, Tallow, &c.]9
[The Wicks]10
[Relation between the Diameter of the Beaks of the Blowpipe and the Wicks of the Lamp]12
II.—[Preliminary Notions of the Art of Glass-Blowing]16
[The Flame]16
[Places fit to work in]19
[Means of obtaining a Good Fire]19
[Choice and Preservation of Glass]22
[Preparation of Glass Tubes before heating them]25
[Method of presenting Tubes to the Fire, and of working them therein]26
III.—[Fundamental Operations in Glass-Blowing]30
[1. Cutting]31
[2. Bordering]34
[3. Widening]36
[4. Drawing-out]36
[5. Choking]37
[6. Sealing]38
[7. Blowing]39
[8. Piercing]46
[9. Bending]48
[10. Soldering]49
IV.—[Construction of Chemical and Philosophical Instruments]54
[Adapters]55
[Apparatus for various Instruments]55
[Archimedes’s Screw]57
[Areometers]71
[Barker’s Mill]57
[Barometers]58
[Cistern Barometer]58
[Dial Barometer]58
[Syphon Barometer]59
[Stop-cock Barometer]59
[Compound Barometers]59
[Gay-Lussac’s Barometer]60
[Bunten’s Barometer]61
[Barometer pierced laterally for Demonstrations]61
[Bell Glasses for Experiments]61
[Blowpipe]62
[Capsules]63
[Cartesian Devils]64
[Communicating Vases]65
[Cryophorus]55
[Dropping Tubes]65
[Fountains]66
[Fountain of Circulation]66
[Fountain of Compression]67
[Intermitting Fountain]68
[Hero’s Fountain]68
[Funnels]68
[Hour Glasses]70
[Hydraulic Ram]70
[Hydrometers]71
[Baumé’s Hydrometer]71
[Nicholson’s Hydrometer]73
[Hydrometers with two,] [ three,] or [four branches]74
[Manometers]74
[Mariotte’s Tube]75
[Phosphoric Fire-bottle]75
[Pulsometer]75
[Pump]76
[Retorts for Chemical Experiments]76
[Rumford’s Thermoscope]77
[Syphons]78
[Spoons]80
[Spirit Level]80
[Test Glass with a foot]80
[Thermometers]81
[Ordinary Thermometer]81
[Dial Thermometer]83
[Chemical Thermometer]84
[Spiral Thermometer]85
[Pocket Thermometer]86
[Maximum Thermometer]86
[Minimum Thermometer]86
[Bellani’s Maximum Thermometer]87
[Differential Thermometer]87
[Thermoscope]77
[Tubes bent for various purposes]88
[Vial of the four Elements]90
[Water Hammer]91
[Welter’s Safety Tubes]92
V.—[Graduation of Chemical and Philosophical Instruments]93
[Of the substances employed in the preparation of these instruments]93
[Of Graduation in general]94
[Examination of the Bore of Tubes]95
[Division of Capillary Tubes into parts of equal Capacity]95
[Graduation of Gas Jars, Test Tubes, &c.]97
[Graduation of Hydrometers]99
[Graduation of Barometers]103
[Graduation of the Manometer]105
[Graduation of Thermometers]105
[Graduation of Rumford’s Thermoscope]112
[Graduation of Mariotte’s Tube]112

THE
ART OF GLASS-BLOWING.