[1262] Cf. W. Warde Fowler, The Roman Festivals, p. 3.
[1263] Lampridius, Alexander Severus, 60; Vopiscus, Aurelianus, 44, Numerianus, Rev. des études anc., vi, 1904, p. 258, n. 6; and J. G. Frazer, Early Hist. of the Kingship, p. 224, note.
M. d’Arbois de Jubainville (Rev. celt., xxvi, 1905, p. 359) holds that Lampridius and Vopiscus were mistaken in designating as dryades women who were mere fortune-tellers, and who should be classed among the μάντεις or soothsayers, mentioned by Diodorus Siculus (v, 31, § 3) or the οὐάτεις who, according to Strabo (iv, 4, § 4), were specially concerned with sacrifices. Μάντεις and οὐάτεις, however, who were doubtless identical, would seem to have been merely Druids of inferior rank (G. Dottin, Manuel pour servir à l’étude de l’ant. celt., pp. 263-4, 267). M. Toutain (Mélanges Boissier, 1903, pp. 439-42), who also regards the dryades as fortune-tellers, denies that there is any authority for translating the word by ‘Druidesses’, and insists that if Druidesses had existed, they would not have been mentioned for the first time by writers of the 3rd century. A. Holder (Alt-celtischer Sprachschatz, i, 1326, 1329), who prints the quotations from Lampridius and Vopiscus under the heading Druida, remarks that in Lucan, i, 451, instead of druidae there is a various reading dryadae.
[1264] Dion Cassius, lxii, 6, § 1; 7, §§ 2-3. Cf. Rev. des études anc., iv, 1902, pp. 224-5.
[1265] Ib., vi, 1904, pp. 261-2. Cf. J. G. Frazer, Early Hist. of the Kingship, p. 31.
[1266] De div., i, 15, § 26; ii, 36, § 76. Pliny (Nat. Hist., xvi, 43 [95], § 249) says that the Gallic Druids of his time were magi, which is commonly translated by ‘magicians’ (cf. H. Gaidoz, Esquisse, &c., pp. 15-6). But might not the word have been applied to any one who practised augury and divination (Cicero, de div., i, 41, § 90)?
[1267] Sir A. Lyall, Asiatic Studies, i, 1899, pp. 2, 26, 135, 161.
[1268] See J. G. Frazer, Golden Bough, iii, 1900, pp. 328 note, 343-4.
[1269] Pliny, Nat. Hist., xvi, 44 (95), § 250.
[1270] J. G. Frazer, Early Hist. of the Kingship, pp. 212-3.