his doctrine upon God and the soul, [438-442];
his conception of men as one flock feeding in a common pasture under a common law, [471].
Zukrigl, [468].
Footnotes
[1.] Tertull. Apolog. xxiv, “Ideo et Ægyptiis permissa est tam vanæ superstitionis potestas, avibus et bestiis consecrandis, et capite damnandis qui aliquem hujusmodi Deum occiderint. Unicuique etiam provinciæ et civitati suus Deus est, ut Syriæ Astartes, ut Arabiæ Disares, ut Noricis Belenus, ut Africæ Cælestis, ut Mauritaniæ Reguli sui,” &c.; and Minucius Felix, Octavius vi., in like manner. [2.] See Aug. de Civ. Dei, l. viii. 24. [3.] Döllinger, Heidenthum und Judenthum, pp. 528, 529. [4.] From Heidenthum und Judenthum, pp. 101-2. [5.] Heidenthum und Judenthum, p. 480. [6.] Heidenthum und Judenthum, p. 107. [7.] Heidenthum und Judenthum, p. 469. [8.] Ibid. pp. 468, 480. [9.] Heidenthum und Judenthum, p. 344. [10.] Ibid. p. 312. [11.] “Epulæ, lectisternia, nudipedalia.” [12.] These incidents are taken from various places in Heidenthum und Judenthum, pp. 531, 549, 550, &c. [13.] Champagny, Les Antonins, liv. v. c. 3. [14.] De Divinat. ii. 72. [15.] Valerius Max. i. c. 2, 3. [16.] Merivale's History of the Romans, ii. 447. [17.] See Varro, quoted by S. Aug. De Civ. Dei, lib. vi. 5. [18.] De Civ. Dei, l. vi. 5, 6, 7. [19.] “Illam theatricam et fabulosam theologiam ab ista civili pendere noverunt, et ei de carminibus poetarum tanquam de speculo resultare: et ideo ista exposita, quam damnare non audent, illam ejus imaginem liberius arguunt.” De Civ. Dei, vi. 9; id. vi. 7. [20.] “Quæ sunt ergo illa sacra quibus agendis tales elegit sanctitas quales nec thymelica in se admittit obscœnitas.” De Civ. Dei, vi. 7. [21.] “Omnes cultores talium deorum—magis intuentur quid Jupiter fecerit, quam quid docuerit Plato vel censuerit Cato.” De Civ. Dei, ii. 7. [22.] De Civ. Dei, ii. 6. “Demonstrentur vel commemorentur loca—ubi populi audirent quid dii præciperent de cohibenda avaritia, ambitione frangenda, luxuria refrænanda.” See also sec. 28. [23.] See Heidenthum und Judenthum, p. 398. Herodotus, i. 199. Baruch, vi. 42-3. [24.] See S. Athan, con. Gentes, 5-9. In like manner S. Theophilus, lib. i. ad Autolyc. c. 2. [25.] In order to form a notion how far this division of gods could descend, and what an incredible depth of turpitude it reached, see De Civ. Dei, l. vi. c. 9, de officiis singulorum deorum. Its foulness prevents any adequate representation of it. [26.] See S. Thomas, Summa, 2, 2, q. 94, a. 4. [27.] Of this whole polytheism in the mass S. Paul pronounces the judgment: Οἵτινες μετήλλαξαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν τῷ ψεύδει, καὶ ἐσεβάσθησαν καὶ ἐλάτρευσαν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα. Rom. i. 25. And the Psalmist adds: Ὅτι πάντες οἱ θεοὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν δαιμόνια; ὁ δὲ Κύριος τοὺς οὐρανοὺς ἐποίησεν. Sept. xcv. 5. See also Ps. cv. 37. [28.] See John xii. 31; xiv. 30; xvi. 11; Luke xxii. 53; x. 19; Apoc. xii. 9; Heb. ii. 14; 1 John v. 18; Ephes. vi. 12; ii. 2; 2 Cor. iv. 3. [29.] These two subjects occupy respectively the first five and the second five books of S. Augustine's City of God, where the argument is carried out in great detail. [30.] Rom. i. 20. See the Stoical argument for the unity of the deity in Cic. de Nat. Deor. 2. [31.] Tertullian de Testimonio Animæ, 2. [32.] Οὔτω τοίνυν ἀλογωθέντων τῶν ἀνθρώπων, καὶ οὕτω τῆς δαιμονικῆς πλάνης ἐπισκιαζούσης τὰ πανταχοῦ, καὶ κρυπτούσης τὴν περὶ τοῦ ἀληθινοῦ Θεοῦ γνῶσιν. S. Athan. de Incar. 13. [33.] See S. August. de Civ. Dei, viii. 24. “Immundi spiritus, eisdem simulacris arte illa nefaria colligati, cultorum suorum animas in suam societatem redigendo miserabiliter captivaverant.” [34.] Called by S. Athan. ἡ τῶν δαιμόνων ἀπάτη—μανία—φαντασίαι. Thus De Inc. 47. πάλαι μὲν δαίμονες ἐφαντασιασκόπουν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους. προκαταλαμβάνοντες πηγὰς ἢ ποταμοὺς, ἢ ξύλα, ἢ λίθους, καὶ οὕτω ταῖς μαγγανείαις ἐξέπληττον τοὺς ἄφρονας. Νῦν δὲ τῆς θείας ἐπιφανείας τοῦ Λόγου γεγενημένης. πέπαυται τούτων ἡ φαντασία. [35.]
“Humana ante oculos fœde quam vita jaceret
In terris, oppressa gravi sub religione,” &c. Lucret. i. 63.
“Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas,
Atque metus omnes et inexorabile fatum
Subjecit pedibus, strepitumque Acherontis avari.”
Virg. Geo. ii. 491.