Against these far stretches of country rose, in front of the other city edifices, a large red brick building with level grey roof, and rows of short barred windows speaking captivity, the whole contrasting greatly by its formalism with the quaint irregularities of the Gothic erections.... From the middle of the building an ugly flat-topped octagonal tower ascended against the east horizon, and viewed from this spot, on its shady side and against the light, seemed the one blot on the city’s beauty. Yet it was with this blot and not with the beauty that the two gazers were concerned. Upon the cornice of the tower a tall staff was fixed. Their eyes were riveted on it. A few minutes after the hour had struck, something moved slowly up the staff and extended itself upon the breeze. It was a black flag.[7]
Poor Tess! was it necessary for the author to mete out measure thus cruelly upon the children of his imagination—was it kind to Winchester to burden her memories with one so appallingly harrowing, so much in contrast with her quiet peace?
And yet, after all, is it anything more than retributive justice? Have not her citizens—those of a generation or so back, at least—been responsible for permitting the one really commanding elevation and landmark she possesses to be marred and dishonoured by this same ‘blot,’ these obtrusive prison-walls, capped by this self-same ‘ugly flat-topped octagonal tower’? Is not rather the creator of Tess displaying a fine and just critical perception in thus exacting from them the full literary penalty for so unpardonable an outrage on the outward attractiveness of their own fair city?
Such are some of the phantoms which pursue or elude us as we pass to and fro through the circle of Winchester and its surroundings—yet are they actual phantoms? Have not these seemingly impalpable nothings as complete an identity as the memories and records of the actual happenings of the past? The writer well recollects, after hunting through Salisbury and exploring its treasures of architecture and interest, the delight with which he came upon the old Cathedral organ, now for some years past removed from the Cathedral to one of the city churches, and recognized in it a real bond of relationship—not because it was originally the gift of George III., though that indeed was the case, but because it was the organ on which Dickens’s Tom Pinch had played when the Cathedral service was over, and his friend the organist’s assistant had permitted him to touch the keys. Not a great circumstance, nor a great character—far from it,—but sufficient to supply the one touch of human sympathy by which soul recognizes soul, and which binds all—past and present, student and subject, reader and author—alike in one. And even as these phantoms, whether of history or legend, of actual existence or fancy, have been conjured up before us for some brief spell, let us, now our task has drawn to a close, bid them adieu with what kindliness of recollection we may:
Index
The titles in black type refer to illustrations.
[A], [B], [C], [D], [E], [F], [G], [H], [I], [J], [K], [L], [M], [N], [O], [P], [R], [S], [T], [V], [W], [Y].
Adam of Gurdon, [123]
Ælfeah, [58]
Æthelbert, [32]
Æthelred the Redeless, [61], [85]
Æthelwold, Bishop, [20], [30], [49], [54], [58], [78], [85], [147], [153], [154]
Æthelwulf, [30], [32], [85], [153]
Alfred, King, [5], [32], [34], [91], [143], [152], [153]
Alfred, a refugee, [38]
Alfred, statue of, [42]
Alresford, [111], [184]
Alswitha, [41], [91], [145]
Alton, Pass of, [123]
Alwarenestret, [94]
Alwine, [71]
Anderida, [15]
Anselm, Archbishop, [87], [96]
Antonine, Itineraries, [15]
Arthur, King, [15], [168], [183]
Arthur, Prince, [151], [173]
Arthur, Round Table, [21], [168], [174], [184]
Asser, Bishop, [36], [40]
Assize, Bloody, [7], [175]
Athelstan, King, [43]
Augustine, [21]
Aulus Plautius, [15]
Austen, Jane, [7], [154], [171], [185]
Avington Park, [22]
Barons’ war, [113]
Beaufort, Cardinal, [147], [151], [171]
Bede (Venerable), [22]
Benedictines, [131]
Birinus, [23], [24], [153], [154]
Bishop’s Waltham, [162], [169]
Black Death, [139], [160]
Bredenestret, [94]
Broadway, [177]
Browne, Harold, Bishop, [154]
Bucchestret, [93], [94]
Burton, Dr., [163]
Buttercross, [80], [118], [177]
Cædmon, [36]
Cær Gwent, [14]
Calais, [121]
Calpestret, [94]
Camden, [143]
Castle, Norman, at Winchester, [86], [94], [172]
Castle, Brabantine merchants in Winchester, [115]
Cathedral, [8], [29]
Cathedral of Æthelwold, [56], [77]
Cathedral, bedesmen, [4]
Cathedral, pilgrims at, [128]
Cathedral, preservation of, [77], [155]
Cathedral, transformation by Wykeham, [149]
Cathedral (Winchester), [23], [146]
Celts, [12]
Charlemagne, [27]
Charles II., [6], [178]
Charles V. (Emperor), [6], [174]
Chenictes, [96]
Chenichetehalla, [96], [177]
Chepemanesela, [96], [177]
Cheyney Court, [155]
Cheyney Court and Close Gate, [112]
Chilcombe, [47]
Christes Hospitall, [5], [179]
Christian Year (Keble), [192]
Christianity in Hampshire, [21]
Clausentum (Southampton), [15], [18]
Close, the, [125]
Cnut, [5], [65], [85], [91], [144], [153]
Colbrand, [44], [91]
Cole, Edward, Mayor, [178]
Colet, Dean, [160]
College, Brew House, [164]
College, Winchester, [145], [158]
Commoners, [163]
County Hall, [172]
Cromwell, Oliver, [172]
Cromwell, Thomas, [142]
Curfew, [80]
Curle, Bishop, [145]
Danemark Mead, [47], [91]
Danes, [28], [36], [60], [85], [153]
Danihel (Bishop), [25]
David, King of Scotland, [105]
Dean and Chapter of Winchester, [144]
Deanery, [145], [155]
Deanery, The, [105]
De Montfort, Simon, [113], [173]
Domesday Book, [72], [80], [92], [182]
Domesday (Winchester), [92]
Domum, [166]
Dorchester, [23]
Drayton’s Polyolbion, [184]
Dunstan (Archbishop), [30], [50], [56]
Ealden Mynstre, [41], [44], [51], [183]
East Gate, [94], [95]
Easton, [96]
Edgar, [30], [48], [49], [59], [85]
Edmund, King, [48]
Edred, King, [48]
Edward the Confessor, [66]
Edward III., King, [120]
Edward, Prince, [114]
Edward the Elder, King, [43], [91]
Edwy, King, [49]
Edyngton, Bishop, [147], [151]
Egbert, [27], [85], [153]
Election chamber, [162]
Emma (Ælfgyfu), Queen, [62], [65], [85], [91], [153]
English Chronicle, [22], [34], [39], [40], [50], [61], [69], [82], [101], [168], [182]
Escheopes, [95]
Esmond, [190]
Estals, [95]
Ethelmar, Bishop, [154]
Eton College, [152]
Evesham, battle, [114]
Feudal system, [80]
Flesmangere Stret, [94]
Font (cathedral), [100]
Fox, Bishop, [147], [151]
Franklin, Benjamin, [192]
Friars in Winchester, [139]
Fromond’s Chantry, [167]
Fyfhyde, Walter, Abbot, [139]
Gabell, Dr., [166], [187]
Gardiner, Bishop, [151]
Geoffrey of Monmouth, [20], [183]
George, [121], [191]
George Hotel, [97]
Gere (Gar) Stret, [93]
Gewissas, [20], [22]
Ghetto, [97], [180]
Gild merchant, [46], [80], [121]
Gilds, [95], [177]
Godbegot House, [62]
Godbiete, [62], [80], [120]
Godfrey de Lucy, Bishop, [111], [147]
Godwine, Earl, [65], [66], [85]
Godwine, Earl, death of, [69], [153]
Golde Stret, [94]
Gospel Oak, [22]
Grimbald, Abbot, [41]
Guild Hall, [97]
Guy of Warwick, [46], [91]
Hædda, Bishop, [23]
Hamble, [32]
Hamble River, [40]
Hampshire, Christianity in, [21]
Hampshire, Victoria History of, [72]
Hantachenesle, [94], [96], [177]
Hardy, Thomas, [193]
Harold, King, [65]
Harold II., King, [71]
Harthacnut, [65], [85], [153]
Hempage Wood, [77]
Henry I., [6], [80], [88], [98]
Henry II., King, [105], [110]
Henry III., King, [6], [111], [154], [173]
Henry IV., King, [151]
Henry V., [173]
Henry VIII., [6], [91], [140], [173]
Henry of Blois (Bishop), [22], [64], [92], [100], [154], [168], [171]
Henry of Blois, Papal Legate, [102]
Heptarchy, [26]
Hereward the Wake, [48], [85]
High Street, [48]
Hoadley (Bishop), [154], [178]
Horne (Bishop), [144]
Hours, services of, [133]
Hursley, [192]
Hursley Vicarage, [176]
Hyda, Liber de, [45], [50], [54], [183]
Hyde, Abbey, [41], [90], [105], [115], [127], [133], [145]
Hyde Abbey, dissolved, [143]
Hyde, Liber Vitæ of, [64], [183]
Itchen Abbas, [41]
Itchen Stoke, Watersplash at, [89]
James I., [6]
Jewry Street, [97]
Jews, [97]
Joan of Navarre, [151]
John, King, [6], [111]
Julius Cæsar, [15]
Judith, Countess, [83]
Judith, Queen, [36]
Keats, John, [3], [188]
Keble, John, [153], [192]
Ken (Bishop), [153], [166], [170], [178], [188]
Kenulphus (Kenwalh), [23], [85], [147], [153]
King’s Gate, [95], [98], [114], [123], [130]
King’s Gate, [73]
Kingsmill, William (Prior), [144]
Kitchin, Dean, [136]
Knighton, Henry, [47], [105], [183]
Knights of St. John (Hospitallers), [107], [169]
Kynegils, [22], [24], [32], [147], [153]
Lachenictahalla, [96]
Lainston House, [191]
Langton’s Chapel, [150]
Lanfranc, Archbishop, [77], [88]
Leach’s Winchester College, [167]
Leland, [143]
Lely, [178]
Leofric, Earl, [66]
Liberty of Godbiete, [62]
Liberty of the Soke, [119]
Lisle, Dame Alice, [7], [174]
London, [74]
Magdalen College, Oxford, [152]
Magdalen Hill, [10]
Manners makyth man, [6], [158], [166]
Martyr Worthy, [80]
Mary, Queen, [151]
Mary, Queen, [5]
Mathew of Paris, [115], [183]
Matilda, Empress, [5], [102], [169], [172]
Mayor, [119]
Meads, [140], [166]
Menstre Stret, [94]
Middle gate, College, [164]
Mirabel Close, [132], [155]
Moab, [165]
Moberley (Doctor), [163]
Monastic life, [130]
Morley (Bishop), [154], [170], [178]
Mortuary chests, [24], [28], [32], [64], [153]
Morys, John, [166], [170]
Naseby, [172]
Natives and Aliens, [176]
Nell Gwynne, [178], [185]
New College, Oxford, [159]
New Forest, [80], [88]
Newan Mynstre, [34], [41], [43], [51], [69], [71], [90]
Norman Conquest, [73]
Novices, Master of, [135]
Nunna Mynstre (St. Mary’s Abbey), [41], [54], [98], [104], [109], [118], [145], [183]
Obedientiarii, [133]
Obelisk, [175]
Old Minster, [63], [64], [66], [69]
Oliver’s Battery, [8]
Order of Noble Poverty, [172]
Osberga, [36]
Otterbourne, [192]
Oxford, [152]
Palm Hall, [126]
Parliament at Winchester, [114]
Pass of Alton, [123]
Pavilionis Aula, [122], [126]
Peter de Rupibus (Bishop), [112], [154]
Peter Symonds, [179]
Pevensey, [15]
Philip of Spain, [151]
Piepowder Court, [126]
Piers Plowman, [125]
Pilgrims, [126]
Pilgrims’ Hall, [128], [155]
Pilgrims’ Way, [129]
Plague in Winchester, [175]
Plantagenets, [109]
Plegmund, [43]
Polyolbion, Drayton’s, [184]
Portchester, [10]
Portus Magnus (Portchester), [15], [18]
Raleigh, [6], [174]
Richard of Devizes, [97]
Richard I., King, [97], [110], [151]
Robert, Earl of Gloucester, [104]
Roger Bacon, [113]
Rome, Alfred at, [32]
Roman roads, [17], [19]
Roman occupation, [15]
Roman walls, [16]
Round table, [21], [168], [174], [184]
Rudborne (Major Historia), [46], [55], [63], [71], [80], [183]
Rufus, [5], [65], [79], [87], [88], [108], [153]
St. Æthelwold (Benedictional of), [57], [183]
St. Alphege, [58]
St. Bartholomew, Hyde, church of, [138]
St. Brice’s Day, [61]
St. Catherine’s Hill, [9]
St. Catherine’s Hill, [10], [64], [166]
St. Cross, [64]
St. Cross, [5], [100], [107], [108], [127], [145], [169], [171]
St. Cross, Tower of Ambulatory, [160]
St. Elizabeth’s College, [140], [145]
St. Giles’s Fair, [79], [95], [117], [121]
St. Giles’s Hill, [7], [10], [159], [180]
St. John’s Hospital, [145]
St. Josse, [44], [127]
St. Lawrence, [169]
St. Mary’s Abbey (Nunna Mynstre), [41], [54], [109], [118]
St. Peter’s, Cheesehill, [57]
St. Swithun’s Church, [114]
St. Swithun’s Monastery, [24], [32], [51], [91], [98], [110], [113], [115], [118], [130], [133], [144]
Sarum, [10]
Saxon Winchester, [20]
Scowertenestret, [94], [97]
Seculars, [52]
Senlac, [72]
Seventh Chamber, [164]
Shawford Mill, [16]
Sherlock Holmes, [193]
Silchester, [10], [18], [20]
Sildwortenstret, [93], [94]
Silence of Dean Maitland, [193]
Siward (Earl), [66]
Slype, the, [145]
Snidelingestret, [94]
Soke, Liberty of, [119]
Southampton, [15]
Southgate, [123]
Staple towns, [120]
Stephen, [6], [100]
Stigand (Bishop), [76], [144]
Stret bidel, [95]
Sustern Spital, [140], [163]
Swithun, Bishop, [29], [32], [54], [127], [147], [153], [154]
Tannerestret, [94]
Tess of the D’Urbervilles, [193]
Thackeray, [190]
Trollope, Anthony, [192]
Tron, [120], [180]
Trusty servant, [164]
Twyford, [192]
Venta, [25]
Venta Belgarum, [14], [15]
Vespasian, [15]
Victoria, Queen, [153], [173]
Vikings, [28]
Vintan-ceastir, [25], [182]
Walcote, [191]
Walkelyn (Bishop), [77], [147], [154]
Waltheof (Earl), [83]
Walton, Izaak, [153], [154], [170], [184]
Wantage, [35]
Warton, Doctor, [154]
Wayneflete (Bishop), [151]
Weald Forest, [12]
Weirs, The, [25]
Wenegerestret, [94]
Wessex (capital of), [20], [153]
Westgate, [94], [123], [175], [177]
Westminster Abbey, [147]
White Ship, [90], [98], [101]
Whiting, William, [192]
Wilberforce, Samuel (Bishop), [154]
William of Malmesbury, [183]
William I., [5], [71], [74], [87], [172]
William II. (Rufus), [5], [65], [79], [87], [88], [108]
William of Wykeham, [6], [107], [139], [147], [148], [151], [158]
Winchester Domesday, [92]
Winchester, Alfred’s death and after, [43]
Arthurian legend, [20]
Bishop Æthelwold, [49]
Capital of Danish Empire, [59]
Capital of England, [26]
Cathedral, [23], [29], [100], [146], [186], [189]
Civil War in, [104]
Conversion of Kynegils, [23]
Dean and Chapter, [144]
Early days, [10]
Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries, [117]
In Literature, [171]
Later Norman, [87]
Massacre at, [61]
Monastic life, [130]
Norman, [73]
Winchester, Norman castle, [86]
Plague in, [175]
Roman city, [16]
Roman occupation, [15]
Saxon, [20]
That Joly Citè, [1]
Westgate, [40]
Winton Survey, [92]
Wolvesey, [168]
Winchester from St. Giles’s Hill, [184]
Winchester College Brewhouse, [121]
Cloisters and Fromond’s Chantry, [137]
Memorial Gateway, [144]
Middle Gate, [128]
Second Master’s House, [153]
Tower of the Chapel, Frontispiece
Wintonia, Annales de, [77], [183]
Wolsey, [142], [153], [168]
Wolvesey, [8], [39], [59], [85], [98], [100], [102], [104], [118], [126], [170]
Wool trade, [120], [180]
Wren, Sir Christopher, [178], [180]
Wrothesley, Thomas, [142]
Wulfstan (Precentor), [53], [55], [77], [118]
Wye, Faire, [125]
Wykehamica, Adams’s, [167]
Yonge, Charlotte, [192]
THE END
Printed by R. & R. Clark, Limited, Edinburgh.