[2397] The Ulmus campestris of Linnæus; the Ulmus marita of other botanists.
[2398] The ordinary elm, Fée thinks.
[2399] A variety of the Ulmus campestris, probably.
[2400] This name is still preserved by botanists. Pliny is incorrect in saying that the large elm produces no seed, the only difference being that the seed is smaller than in the other kinds. Columella, B. v. c. 6, contradicts the statement here made by Pliny, but says that it appears to be sterile, in comparison with the others.
[2401] The Pinus maritima of Linnæus, which produces the greater part of the resins used in France, is found, however, in great abundance in the flat country of the Landes.
[2402] On the contrary, the yoke-elm, or horn-beam, grows almost exclusively on the plains; and the same with the cornel and the poplar.
[2403] The Rhus cotinus of Linnæus, the fustic. See B. xiii. c. [41]. This, however, imparts a yellow colour, while Pliny speaks of a purple. It has been asserted, however, that the roots of it produce a fine red. There is no tree in Europe that produces a purple for dyeing.
[2404] The maple, the ash, and the service-tree, are as often found in the plains as on the hills.
[2405] See c. [43], and B. xxiv. c. 43. The Cornus sanguinea of Linnæus, the blood-red cornel; the branches of which are red in the winter, and the fruit filled with a blood-red juice. This is probably the same shrub as the male cornel, mentioned further on by Pliny.
[2406] The Genista tinctoria of Linnæus, or “dyers’” broom.