[3071] See B. xxxiv. c. [22], and B. xxxvi. c. [12].
[3072] It is pretty clear that the Onyx of Pliny included not only our Onyx, but several other varieties of the Chalcedony.
[3073] “Igniculos.”
[3074] “Carnosas.” It is somewhat doubtful whether our Carnelian, or Cornelian, take its name from this word, or from “cornus,” a cornel-berry.
[3076] Literally meaning a “red-hot coal.” The carbunculus of Pliny is supposed to include not only the red, or Iron and Iron-lime garnet, but the Spinelle ruby also, or Oriental ruby.
[3077] There is some truth in this, as some few kinds both of the Garnet and Ruby are infusible. Of the ruby, the red varieties change to brown, black, and opaque even, as the temperature increases, and on cooling become first green, and then nearly colourless, but at last resume their red colour.
[3078] From the Greek; meaning “incombustible.”
[3079] From Καρχήδων, the Greek name for Carthage.
[3080] Carthago Magna, so called in contradistinction to Carthage Nova, or New Carthage, in Spain.