[4] In Judith ii. 28; 1 Macc. x. 86, xi. 60; both in A.V. and R.V. Askelon is called Ascalon.
[5] Ethnology of the Bible. The Bible Educator, vol. iii, pp. 197-200.
[6] See also The Historical Geography of the Holy Land, 1902, p. 189.
[7] See Josephus, Antiq. Jews, XI. 8, 4, section 325.
[8] The Revised Version of the Apocrypha reads "against Gazara." See Josephus, The Jewish War, Book I, Chap. II, section 2 (50).
[9] In the Old Testament the distinction between a town and a village is not generally defined. The former, as a rule, was an inhabited place surrounded by a wall. The latter, one that is not so enclosed (Lev. xxv. 29-31). Towns themselves, however, are also sometimes distinguished as walled and unwalled (Deut. iii. 5; Esther ix. 19). The New Testament and Josephus uniformly distinguish between πόλις and κώμη (an unwalled village, opposite to a fortified city).—Schürer, II. i. 154.