The second letter contains an account of the "trafficking off" of a wagon and fine pair of Pennsylvania horses, the news that a debt had been partially liquidated by the payment of sixty pounds' worth of rum and sugar, which in turn went to pay workmen, and continues: "The common people are and will be much distressed for want of Bread. I have often heard talk of Famine, but never thought of seeing any thing so much like it as the present times in this part of the Country. Three fourths of the Inhabitants of this country are obliged to purchase their Bread at 50 & 60 miles distance at the common price of 16/ and upwards per barrel. The winter has been very hard upon the live stock & I am convinced that abundance of Hogs and Cattle will die this Spring for want of Food…. Cash is now scarcer here than it ever was before…. I have been industrious to get the Mills in good repair and have succeeded well, but have rcd. very little benefit from them yet owing intirely to the general failure of a Crop. We have done no Merchant work in the Grist Mill, & she only supplies my Family and workmen with Bread. Rye, the people are glad to eat. Flaxseed the cattle have chiefly eaten though I have got as much of that article as made 180 Gallons of Oyl at 4/ per bushel. The Oyl is in great demand; I expect two dollars p. Gallon for it at Halifax or Edenton, & perhaps a better price. We were very late in beginning with the Fulling Business; for want of water…. [there are many] Mobbs and commotions among the People."
INDEX TO VOLUMES I. AND II.
Abingdon, a typical frontier town, II; Adventure, the, voyage of, II; Algonquins, the, their location, I; dwellings and dress; their relations with the Iroquois and the southern Indians; tribal relations; their numbers; lack of cohesion; numbers in the field; their prowess in war; their mode of war; their discipline in battle; their superiority to European troops; usually the attacking party; their cruelty Allaire, Lieut., a New York loyalist, II; Alleghanies, the, our western border for a century and a half, I; America, its importance and accessibility, I; twofold character of warfare in; Spain's share in the conquest of; difference between the Spanish-English conquests in; constant succession of contests in; her allies hostile to her interests, II; Americans, a distinct people from the British, I; western conquest, the great work of the; their sharpshooters dreaded by the British officers, II; as soldiers, Appendix; Appalachian Confederacies, the, I; their geographical position; origin of the name; how divided; numbers; Australia, small difficulty in settling; Axe, the, its importance in the conquest of the west; Backwoods levies, the character of; Backwoodsmen, the, of Kentucky, I; of the Alleghanies; little in common with the tide-water inhabitants; Americans by birth and parentage; Scotch-Irish, the dominant strain in their blood; from one people; their creed, Presbyterian; their intense Americanism; their difference from the rest of the world; their villages; not a town-building race; won and kept their lands by force; their natural weapons; their forts; their mode of life; size of farms; society, dress, and arms; their first lesson; their helpfulness; sports and quarrels; weddings; funerals; schooling; home employments; pack-trains; dangers of life; as hunters; warlike character; their own soldiers; military organization; administration of justice; sharp contrasts of society among; wickedness of the lawless among; their summary modes of punishment; their superstitions; their religion; summary of their lives; desire for revenge; hasten to join Lewis; assemble at the great levels of Greenbriar; march of Lewis' army; grimness of their character, II; gather at Bryan's Station; defeated at the Blue Licks; fate of the captured; their increase during the Revolution; their wars; governments instituted by them; their individualism; character of the pioneer population; what they had done at the close of the Revolution; Balme La, his expedition against Detroit, II; Baubin captures Boon, II; Bear Grass Creek, ravaged by Indians, II; Big Bone Lick, remains of mastodon discovered at, I; Big Foot, a gigantic chief of the Wyandots, II; fight with Andrew Poe, 134; killed by Adam Poe; Big Island of the French Broad, the; Christian's army reach, I; Bingaman, his fight in the dark, II; Bird, Capt. Henry, dissolution of his expedition, II; his inroad; his retreat; loses his cannon; Blue Licks, visited by Boon, II; Indians retreat to; the backwoodsmen reach; the fight begins; battle of the; defeat of the whites; a wild panic; the Indians checked; a crushing disaster; Boiling Springs, fort built at, I; Boon, Daniel, his birth, I; removes to North Carolina and marries; his passion for hunting and exploration; his appearance; his character; his inscription on a tree; connection with Henderson; his claim to distinction; his success; goes to Kentucky; beauty of the country and abundance of game; attacked by Indians; capture and escape; wanderings; joined by his brother; lonely sojourn in the wilderness; joined by other hunters; "Gulliver's Travels" in camp; returns to North Carolina; meets the McAfees' at Powell's Valley; attempts to settle Kentucky; attacked by Indians; his son killed; pilots in Lord Dunmore's surveyors; in command of frontier forts; attacked by Indians; reaches the Kentucky River; begins to build Boonsborough; welcomes Henderson's company; the fort at Boonsborough; returns to North Carolina for his family; his prominence in Kentucky history; serves as a Kentucky burgess in the Virginia Legislature; his strange life; his daughter captured by Indians and rescued; the historic tree; original letter of; wounded in the attack on Boonsborough, II; captured by Indians; taken to Old Chillicothe; adopted into the Shawnee tribe; escapes from the Indians; makes a foray into the Indian country; outwits de Quindre; thanks Kenton for saving his life; comes to the rescue of Kenton; a favorite hero of frontier story; loses his brother by the Indians; lieut.-colonel under Todd; marches to relieve Bryan's Station; opposed to the attack at Blue Licks; commands the left wing at battle of Blue Licks; his successful advance; surrounded and routed; last to leave the field; his son Isaac slain; Boon, Squire, joins his brother Daniel in Kentucky, I; Boonsborough, founding of, saves Kentucky, I; receives Henderson and his party; completion of the fort; land office opens at; store opened by the Transylvania company; meeting of the Transylvanian Legislature; attacked by Indians, II; again besieged; retreat of the Indians; school opened at; Boon's Station, not Boonsborough, II; Borderers, the, misdeeds of, I; contempt for Pennsylvanian government; Border Wars, the, inevitable, I; begun by the Indians; struggle for the land, one great cause of; Bowman, John, advances against Vincennes, II; attacks Chillicothe; defeated by the Indians Brady, Capt. Samuel, a noted Indian fighter, II; captured and bound to the stake; escapes; whips the Indians; Brant, Joseph, surprises Loughry, II; defeats Squire Boon and Floyd British, the, incite the southern Indians to war against the Americans, I; hatred of, inherited by the sons and grandsons of the backwoodsmen; their intrigues with the Indians; scalp-buying, II; begun a war of extermination; their complicity in the Indian murders; in the Southern States; defeated at King's Mountain; Brodhead, Col., in command at Fort Pitt, II; burns some Iroquois towns; prevents the militia from attacking the Moravians; Bryan's Station, attack on, II; danger of procuring water; the settlers rally to the relief of Buford, Captain, routed by Tarleton, II Butler, his party attacked by Cherokees, I Cahokia, converted to the American cause, II; council at Caldwell, Capt., a good commander of irregular troops, II; commands Canadian volunteers; defeats Crawford at Sandusky; wounded; invades Kentucky; letter from, Appendix; California, the winning of, I; Calk, William, his journal of Henderson's journey, II; Callahan, Edward, a privileged character, II; Cameron, the British agent in the Cherokee country, I; attempt to capture him; leads his tories and the Cherokees against South Carolina; organizes expeditions against the frontier, II; Campbell, Arthur, his character, II; misses the battle of King's Mountain; his jealousy; Campbell, William, his appearance and character, II; anecdotes of; raises troops to oppose Cornwallis; made commander-in-chief; encourages his men on the eve of battle; begins the assault at King's Mountain; rallies his troops; manifesto to his troops; death of Canada, extension westward of the English race in, I; Canadian archives, II, Appendix; Carolinas, the, attacked by Indians and tories, I; Carpenter, a Cherokee chief, I; signs the treaty of the Sycamore Shoals; Carter's Valley, ravaged by the Indians, I; Castleman, his escape from death, I; Charleston captured by the British, II; Cherokees, the, in the barbarous rather than savage state, I; divided into the Otari and the Erati; their numbers; and location; not successful fighters; their dwellings; character; games and amusements; renegade bands of; their great war trail; treaty with Virginia; negotiations opened with; the Otaris assemble at the Sycamore Shoals of the Watauga; irritated at the conduct of the frontiersmen; take up the tomahawk at the bidding of the British; begin the war on the frontier; numbers of their warriors; suddenness of their attack; fall upon the Watauga settlers; ravage Carter's Valley; defeated by the whites at the battle of the Island Flats; the Watauga fort besieged; retreat from the Watauga; ravage the Georgian and Carolinian frontiers; come down the Catawba; their furious attacks on South Carolina; their country invaded; towns destroyed; again attacked; defeat of the Indians; destruction of the Cherokee settlements; the warriors gather at the Big Island of the French Broad; flight of the Indians; sue for peace; destruction of Tuskega; peace declared; their severe chastisement; defeated by Sevier, II; their country overrun; the country of the Erati ravaged by Sevier; sue for peace; attack Nashborough; Chicago, attempted settlement of, II Chickamaugas, the, a tribe of freebooters, I; their fastnesses; refuse to make peace; their towns burned; Chickasaws, the, belonged to the Appalachian Confederacy, I; the smallest of the Southern nations; their numbers; their unity; their wars and successes; definite peace concluded with, II; Chillicothe, attacked by Boon, II; burned; Chippewas, the, location of, I; Choctaws, the, an Appalachian tribe, I; the rudest of the confederacy; their location; numbers; character; Christian, Col. William, commands the Fincastle men, I; refused permission to march with Lewis; reaches the Great Kanawha after the battle; gathers the Virginia troops at the Great Island of the Holston; marches against the Cherokees; reply to the Cherokees; destroys the Indian towns; agrees to terms of peace; marches homeward; Chronicle, killed at King's Mountain, II; Civil war on the border, I; Clark, George Rogers; compared to Allen and Marion, I; relieves a party of hunters in Kentucky; with Cresap at the outbreak of Lord Dunmore's war; his character; accompanies Lord Dunmore; arrives at Harrodstown; sent to Virginia as a delegate; presents petition to Governor and Council; asks for gunpowder; transports it in safety to Kentucky; procures the erection of Kentucky County; living at Harrodstown, II; shares in the defence of Kentucky; skirmishes with the Indians; matures his plans for the Illinois campaign; goes to Virginia to raise troops; incidents of travel; lays his plans before Patrick Henry; authorized to raise troops; organizes the expedition; difficulty in raising men; starts down the Ohio; lands at the mouth of the Kentucky; reaches the Falls of the Ohio; joined by Kenton and the Kentuckians; meets a party of hunters; the march to Kaskaskia; surprises the town; a dramatic picture; his diplomacy; his winning stroke; sends troops to Cahokia; his difficulties; prepares for defence; establishes friendly relations with the Spanish authorities; dealings with the Indians; apprehensive of treachery; puts the Indians in irons; his seeming carelessness; offers peace or war to the Indians; makes peace with the Indians; his influence over them; prepares to resist Hamilton; narrow escape from the Indians; receives news of Vincennes; determines to strike the first blow; equips the first gunboat on the Western waters; marches against Vincennes; reaches the drowned lands of the Wabash; hardships and sufferings of his troops; encourages his troops; difficulties of approach to Vincennes; crosses the Horse Shoe Plain; exhaustion of the troops; surprises Vincennes; attacks the fort; summons the fort to surrender; destroys a scouting party; surrender of the fort; reproaches Hamilton; importance of the result of the expedition; sends Helm to intercept a convoy; disposes of his prisoners; receives reinforcements; pacifies the country; builds a fort on the Mississippi; moves to the Falls of the Ohio; made a brigadier-general; greatness of his deeds; hears of Bird's inroads; his campaign against Piqua; musters his troops at the mouth of the Licking; starts up the Ohio; burns Chillicothe; surprises the Indians at Piqua; disperses the Indians; destroys the town; disbands his army; effects of the victory; his plan to attack Detroit; why his efforts were baffled; commandant of State troops; roused by the battle of the Blue Licks; his counter-stroke; destroys the Miami towns; undertakes to supply the settlements with meat; Clay MSS., II, Appendix; Cleavland, Col. Benjamin, commands North Carolina militia, II; commands left wing at King's Mountain; Clinch River, settlers of, at war with Shawnees, I; a feeder of the Tennessee River; Conolly, Capt. John, his hostilities against Pennsylvania, I; his rashness; his open letter; appalled by the storm he had raisen; holds councils with Delawares and Iroquois; defied by the Shawnees; Cornstalk, a Shawnee chief, I; first heard of in Pontiac's war; opposed to the war with the whites; his strategy; advances to attack Lewis; crossing the Ohio; fails to surprise Lewis' army; displays the only generalship at the battle of the Great Kanawha; bids defiance to his foes; sues for peace; his eloquence; his grand death Cornwallis, Lord, in command at the South, II; marches through the up-country; retreats from North Carolina; Crab Orchard, regarded with affection by travellers, I; Crawford, Col. William, a fairly good officer, II; marches against Sandusky; routed; captured; tortured; a valued friend of Washington Creeks, the, made up of many bands, I; strongest of the Appalachian tribes; their numbers; location; semi-civilization of; their cattle and slaves; agriculture; mode of life; towns; houses; council-house; dress and adornments; red and white towns of; feasts and dances; looseness of the Creek Confederacy; the Chief McGillivray; their hostility to the whites; scalps, their ideal of glory; observe a kind of nominal neutrality; incited by the British to war; their reply to the Cherokees; ravage the Georgia frontier; Creoles, the, of Kaskaskia, II; panic among, at the loss of Vincennes; French abandon the Illinois country; unfit for self-government; Cresap, a type of the pioneer, I; with his band at Wheeling; attacks friendly Shawnees; continues hostilities; accused of the murder of Logan's kinsfolk; deposed from his command; restored by Lord Dunmore; a scout with Lord Dunmore; dies a revolutionary soldier; Cruger, Lieut.-Col.; commands at Ninety-six, II; letter to Ferguson; Cumberland Gap; origin of name, I., note; traversed by Floyd; Cumberland River; origin of name, I., note; Boon driven back to the valley of the; Cumberland Settlement, the; started at the bend of the Cumberland River, II; founded by Robertson; abundance of game; formation of a government; Indian hostilities; attack on Freeland's Station; Nashborough attacked by Indians; Indian hostilities; internal government; affairs with outside powers; establishment of county government; Debatable Land, the, I; formed by the hunting-grounds between the Ohio and the Tennessee; Delawares, the, location of, I; oppressed by the Iroquois; their growth in warlike power; hold councils with Conolly; declare for neutrality; De Peyster, at Detroit, II; serves under Cornwallis; rallies the loyalists at King's Mountain; surrenders; Detroit, population of, I., note; in British hands; the tribes hold councils at, II; De Peyster at; Dewitt's Corners scene of treaty with the lower Cherokees, I; Doak, Samuel, Rev.; his journey to Jonesboro, II; his powerful influence; Doniphan, Joseph, opens school at Boonsborough, II; Dragging Canoe; opposed to the treaty of Sycamore Shoals, I; an inveterate foe to the whites; warns Henderson; ravages the country near Eaton's Station; leads the Indians at the battle of the Island Flats; severely wounded; refuses to accept peace; Dunham, Daniel, his offer to his brother, II; Dunmore, Lord, Governor of Virginia, I; ambitious of glory; prepares for war; raises a formidable army; takes command in person; marches to Fort Pitt; changes his plans; descends the Ohio to the Hockhocking; ascends the Hockhocking and marches to the Scioto; destroys certain of the hostile towns; accused of treachery; his ferocious conduct; orders Lewis to join him; orders the backwoodsmen to march homewards; makes treaty of peace with the Indians; sends Gibson to Logan; reads Logan's letter to the army; marches home; resolution of thanks to; driven from Virginia at the outbreak of the Revolution; East Florida, her decay under Spanish rule, I; Eaton Station, situation of, I; country around ravaged by Indians; settlers gather at; march from to the Island Flats; Elk Creek reached by Lewis' army, I; Elliot, a tory leader, II; Elliott, Capt., removes the Moravians from their homes, II; England, making of, I; separate position of; struggle with Holland for naval supremacy; wins Canada and the Ohio Valley from France; her policy in the Northwest; adopts the French policy; Eseneka, captured by Williamson, I; christened Fort Rutledge; garrisoned by Williamson; Estill, Capt.; overtakes the Wyandots, II; is killed; Estill's Station, girl scalped at, II; Europe, immense emigration from, I; Explorers, different kinds of, I; Falls of the Ohio, II; Clark joined by Kenton and others at the; Clark removes to the; a regular fort built; Fayette County, invaded by the Indians, II; Ferguson, Patrick, son of Lord Pitcairn, II; wounded at Brandywine; surprises Pulaski's legion; Lieut.-Col. of the American Volunteers; his appearance; mode of warfare; commits outrages in the back-country; character of his forces; rapidity of his movements; approaches the mountains; makes ready to receive the backwoodsmen; rallies the loyalists; halts at King's Mountain; his confidence in the bayonet; attacked by the mountaineers; at the battle of King's Mountain; his reckless bravery; his death; Field, Colonel John, serves under Gen. Lewis, I; starts off on his own account; despatched to the front; his timely arrival; restores the battle; death of; Fincastle men, the, from the Holston, Clinch, Watauga, and New River settlements, I; commanded by Col. William Christian; delay of; most of them too late to join in the battle of the Great Kanawha; reach the Great Kanawha after the battle; First explorers, I; Fleming, Col. William, I; serves under Gen. Lewis; ordered to advance; rallies the backwoodsmen; Florida, the winning of, I; Floyd, John, I; leads a party of surveyors to Kentucky; descends the Kanawha; surveys for Washington and Henry; goes down the Ohio; his party splits up at mouth of the Kentucky; arrives at Falls of the Ohio; explores the land; reaches Clinch River; appointed colonel, II; defeated at Long Run; with Clark among the Miamis; ravages the country; killed by Indians; Forests, the, I; extended from the Alleghanies to the Mississippi, penetrated by hunters; Forest Warfare, merciless ferocity of, I; Fort Pitt, I; claimed by Virginia; Lord Dunmore's army advances to; Fort Rutledge. See Eseneka; France, the ally of America, II; Freeland station, attacked by Indians; French Broad River, a feeder of the Tennessee, I; French Creoles, the; life of, I; tillers of the soil among; much mixture of blood among; unthriftiness of; utterly unacquainted with liberty; as traders and trappers; great personal influence of the priesthood among; personal character of; social life of; villages of. Frontier, the, outrages and reprisals on, I; ravaged by the northwestern Indians, II; ravages on the, following the Moravian massacre de Galvez, Don Bernard, Spanish commandant at New Orleans, II; meditates the establishment of a Spanish-American empire; attacks British West Florida; captures the forts along the Mississippi; takes Mobile and Pensacola Game, abundance of, in Illinois prairies, I; in Kentucky; enormous quantities of, seen at French Lick, now Nashville, Tenn.; Georgia, ravaged by the Indians and tories, I; her share in the struggle Germanic peoples, overflow of, I; conquer Europe; fails to extend Germany. Gibault, Pierre, the priest of Kaskaskia, II; a devoted champion in the American cause; goes to Vincennes; advances money to Clark; Gibson, John, bears Logan's speech to Lord Dunmore, I; Girty, Simon, "The White Renegade," I; arrives in camp; shows a spark of compassion; serves under Hamilton, II.; his cunning and cruelty; saves Kenton's life; a witness of Crawford's awful torture; at the attack on Bryan's Station. Gnadenhütten, a settlement of Moravian Indians, I; Greathouse, his claim to remembrance, I; murders Logan's kinsfolk; Great Kanawha, battle of the, I; fierce attack of the Indians; the backwoodsmen five way; they push the Indians; Charles Lewis mortally wounded; death of Col. Field; Isaac Shelby in command; steadiness of the backwoodsmen; skill and bravery of the Indians; Cornstalk cheers his braves; flank movement of the Indians repulsed; the Indians outflanked; the Indians fall back; end of the action; loss of the whites exceeds that of the Indians; a purely American victory; results of the battle; Isaac Shelby's account of, Appendix; Wm. Preston's account of, Appendix; Great Kanawha River, Lord Dunmore's forces to unite at the mouth of, I; Great Smoky Mountains, I; Half-breeds of the Red River and the Saskatchewan, I; Hambright wounded at King's Mountain, II; Hamilton, Henry, summons a council of the tribes at Detroit, II; his character; Lieutenant-Governor of the Northwest; the mainspring of hostility to the Americans; nicknamed the "hair-buyer" general; organizes a troop of rangers; tries to ransom Boon; plans an attack on Fort Pitt; marches to reconquer Illinois; muster of his forces; starts against Vincennes; difficulties of the route; captures Vincennes; measures to secure his conquest; goes into winter quarters; plans a great campaign; surrenders Vincennes to Clark; sent a prisoner to Virginia; hatred towards, of the backwoodsmen; Hammond, Colonel, rallies the troops at the capture of Eseneka, I; crosses the Kiowee; saves the troops a second time from disaster; Hampton, Lieutenant, gallantly seconds Hammond's efforts, I; Harlan, with the Harrodsburg men at the battle of the Blue Licks, II; leads the advance guard; his death; Harrod, James, hunts in Tennessee, I; with Saowdowski founds Harrodsburg; leads a band to Kentucky; his memory revered by the old settlers; Harrodsburg, settlement of, I; made the county seat; toll mill built in, II; Harrodstown, fort built at, I; a baptist preacher's account of; convention at; delegates chosen to go to Williamsburg; arrival of Clark. See Harrodsburg. Hart, Colonel, letter of Jesse Benton to, II, Appendix; Hart, Nathaniel, a partner of Henderson, I; Hay, Major, bluffed by Helm, II; Helm, Captain Leonard, commands at Vincennes, II; surrenders to Hamilton; intercepts a convoy; Henderson, Richard, a land speculator, I; his colonizing scheme; confidence in Boon; negotiates the treaty of the Sycamore Shoals; obtains a grant of the lands between the Kentucky and the Cumberland rivers; names his new colony Transylvania; sends Boon to Kentucky; follows Boon; leaves his wagons in Powell's Valley; met by Boon's runner; reaches Boonsborough; opens a land office; organizes a government; addresses the delegates; advises game laws; collapse of the Transylvania colony; denounced by Lord Dunmore; drifts out of history; Henry, Patrick, adopts Clark's plans, II; letter of instructions to Clark; History, peculiarity of English, I; Hockhocking, the stockade built at the mouth of, I; Holland, naval warfare with Spain and England, I; Holston, Great Island, garrisoned by troops by Christian's army, I; treaties of peace made at; Holston Men, the, help Kentucky, II; join Clark at the Falls of the Ohio; desert at night; their sufferings; respond to McDowell's appeal; advance to meet Ferguson; begin their march; at the battle of King's Mountain; after the victory; Holston River, a feeder of the Tennessee River, I; Holston Settlements, the, organization of, II; first known as the Watauga settlements; start a new community; christened "Washington District,"; the laws upheld; tories and horse thieves; land laws; Indian troubles; character and life of the settlers; arrival of clergymen; Calvinism their prominent faith; the leading families; jealousies of the leaders; war with the Chickamaugas, the Creeks, and Cherokees; inrush of settlers; war with Indians; end of the war with the British and Tories; quarrels over the land; system of surveying; further Indian troubles; peace concluded with the Chickasaws; growth of; frontier towns; frontier characters Huger slain at Monk's Corners, II Hunters, the, perils of, I; unsuccessful in killing buffalo with small-bore rifles; a party relieved by Clark; Hurons, the. See Wyandots; Illinois, the, location of the scattered survivors of, I; Clark's conquest of, II; claimants of; Clark sends spies to; made a county; Todd appointed commandant; financial difficulties; burning of negroes accused of sorcery; disorders of the government; lawlessness; the land question; benefits of the conquest of; memorial of the inhabitants of; Illinois Towns, the, situation of, I; population of; Indian Fighters, I; Indian Lands, untrustworthiness of official reports regarding encroachments on, I. Indians, the, the most formidable of savage foes, I; effect of, upon our history; estimate of their numbers; civilization of, in the Indian territory; strongest and most numerous tribes of, in the southwest; number of the northwest; strike the first blow in Kentucky; tribes engaged in Lord Dunmore's war; their inroads; double dealing of; a true history of our national dealings with, greatly needed; instances of our Indian injustice; question of the ownership of land; Indian reservations; our Indian policy; literature of the Indian question; foolish sentiment wasted on; employment of, by the British against the Americans, II; slight losses of, in conflicts with the whites; Indian Talks, a sample of, II; Indian Wars, importance of, I; Lord Dunmore's begun by the Shawnees; the northwest Indians go to war, II; odds immeasurably in favor of the Indians; nature of their forays; nature of the ceaseless strife; Iroquois hold their own for two centuries, I; their dwelling-place; their numbers; hostile relations with the Algonquins of the northwest; ancient superiority acknowledged Island Flats on the Holston River, I; march of the settlers to, from Eaton Station; Indians surprised near; the battle of; defeat of the Indians Jack, Colonel Samuel, destroys some Indian towns, I; Jails, scarcity of, in the wilderness, I; Jennings, Jonathan, accompanies Donaldson, II; his boat wrecked; killed by the Indians; Johnson, Richard, a babe at Bryan's Station during the attack, II; leads the Kentucky riflemen at the victory of the Thames; Jonesborough, first town in the Holston settlements, II; Salem church built at; Kaskaskia, condition of, reported to Clark, II; march of Clark to; surprised; ball at the fort; interrupted by Clark Kenton, Simon, first heard of, I; reaches Kentucky; one of his companions burned alive by Indians; a scout in Lord Dunmore's army; the bane of the Indian tribes; saved from torture and death by Logan; reaches Boonsborough; his character, II; saves Boon's life; accompanies Boon to the Scioto; fight with the Indians; steals horses from the Indians; captured by the Indians; treatment of, by the Indians; runs the gauntlet; taken from town to town; tortured by women and boys; abandons himself to despair; ransomed by traders; escapes and reaches home in safety; a favorite hero of frontier history; joins Clark at the Falls of the Ohio; with Logan at the Blue Licks; Kentucky claimed by a dozen tribes, I; belonged to no one; famous for game; excites Boon's interest; its beauty as seen by Boon; first white victim to Indian treachery; "like a paradise,"; abandoned by whites in 1774; isolation of the first settlers; called by the Cherokees "the dark and bloody ground,"; religion of the settlers; Jefferson and Henry determine to keep it a part of Virginia; foothold of the Americans in; permanent settlers come in; early marriages; dislike to the Episcopal Church; Baptist preachers arrive in; different types among the settlers; three routes to; danger from savages; hardships endured by settlers; amusements and explorations; growth of; war with the Indians; population of as set forth in Shater's "History of Kentucky"; the struggle in, II; whites outnumbered by the invading Indians in; bloodthirstiness of war in; settled chiefly through Boon's instrumentality; Clark's conquests benefit; land laws; inrush of settlers; occasional Indian forays; the hard winter; an abortive separatist movement; divided into counties; Indian war parties repulsed; threatened by a great war band; renewal of Indian forays; wonderful growth of; first grand jury impanelled; court house and jail built; manufactories of salt started; grist mills erected; race track laid out King's Mountain where Ferguson halted, II; battle of; victory of the Americans at; importance of the victory at; Knight captured with Crawford, II; witnesses his tortures; escapes; Lamothe supports the British, II; Language spread of the English, I; Latin race leader of Europe, I; Leni-Lenape, the. See Delawares; Levels of Greenbriar, the gathering-place of Lewis' army, I; Lewis, General Andrew, in command of frontiersmen in Lord Dunmore's army, I; the force under his command; divides his army into three divisions; leaves his worst troops to garrison small forts; reaches the Kanawha River; camps at Point Pleasant at the mouth of the Kanawha; prepares to obey Lord Dunmore's orders; attacked by Indians; despatches Col. Field to the front; fortifies his camp; battle of the Great Kanawha; repulses the Indians; leaves his sick and wounded in camp and marches to join Lord; Dunmore; served creditably in the Revolution; Lewis Colonel Charles, a brother of General Lewis, I; commands Augusta troops; marches with the bulk of Gen. Lewis' army; ordered to advance; mortally wounded; Lexington how named I; Logan an Iroquois of note, I; a friend of the whites; murder of his kinsfolk; his revenge; letter to Cresap; refuses to attend a council; his eloquent speech; perishes in a drunken brawl; evidence of the authenticity of his speech; intercedes successfully for Kenton II; Logan, Benjamin leads a party to Kentucky, I; his character; his bravery II; goes to the Holston for powder and lead; surprised by Indians; second in command; missing at the fight at Piqua; appointed colonel; capture of his family by the savages and their rescue; raises the whole force of Lincoln; buries the dead after the battle of the Blue Licks; with Clark in the Miami country; destroys stores of British traders; Logan's Station, fort built at, I; attacked by Indians, II; Long Hunters, the, why so called, I; Long Knives, designation given Virginians by the Indians, I; extension of the term, I; Long Run, Squire Boon defeated at, II Lord Dunmore's War, begun by the Indians, I; Cresap's reprisals; murder of Logan's kinsfolk; wrath of the Indians; the frontier ravaged by Indians; panic on the border; Logan's revenge; counterstrokes of backwoodsmen; burn a Shawnee village; the opening act of the drama that was closed at Yorktown; Lorimer surprises and captures Boon, II; Loughry, annihilation of his party, II; Louisiana, purchase of, I; ceded by France to Spain Louisville, founded by Clark, II; Lulbegrud Creek, origin of name, I; McAfee brothers, the, incident in their career, I; visit Kentucky; meet Cornstalk and the Shawnees; visit Big Bone Lick; their sufferings on their homeward journey; reach Powell's Valley; meet Boon there; return to Kentucky; build a stockade, II; attacked by Indians; narrow individual escapes; relieved by McGarry McConnell, names his hut Lexington, I; captured near Lexington, II; slays his captors and escapes McCulloch, Major Samuel, a leading man on the border, II; escape from the Indians McDowell, Col., asks the Holston men for help, II; beaten by Ferguson; goes to Gates' army McGarry, reaches Kentucky, I; his character; surprised by Indians, II; relieves McAfee's Station; his insubordination; serves under Col. Todd McGillivray, Alexander, chief of the Creek nation, I; his birth; education; claimed by the Creeks; his chieftainship; aids the British, I; McGillivray, Lachlan, his career; marriage; children; influence over the savages McKee, a tory leader, II; a fairly good commander; defeated by Clark; a letter to De Peyster; Maine, settlers of, confined to the sea-coast, I; Mansker, Kasper, leads a party of hunters down the Cumberland River, I; returns overland to Georgia; returns to Tennessee; skill as a marksman and woodsman; his "Nancy,"; outwits an Indian; adventure with Indians; becomes a Methodist; hunts in the Cumberland country, II Marshall, Thomas, surveyor of Fayette County, II; Martin, Major Joseph, joins Sevier's troops, II; disperses the Indians; tries to speculate in Cherokee lands; sample Indian "talk" to; Methodism, a power after the Revolution, II Miamis, the, location of, I; surprise and capture Boon, II Milfort, a French adventurer, I; marries a sister of McGillivray; his untruthfulness and braggadocio; Mingos, the, renegade Indians, I; a mongrel banditti; their camp destroyed; declare for neutrality; try to kill the American Indian agents; Miro, Estevan, letter to Robertson, II; Monk's Corners, Ferguson defeats the Americans at, II; Monongahela, Valley of the, claimed by Virginia, I; Moravian Indians, the, a peaceful race, I; mostly Delawares; oppressed in Pennsylvania; remove to the West; settle on the Muskingum; teachings of the missionaries; their strict neutrality, II; hated by the wild Indians; the British endeavor to break up their villages; exasperate the Americans; blindly court their fate; evil conduct of the backwoodsmen; Moravians themselves not blameless; maltreated by the British and wild Indians; maltreated by the Americans; return to their homes; warned of their danger; massacred; Morris, Robert, account with Miss Betsy Hart, II; Mound Builders, the, remains of, I; at mouth of the Scioto; Munceys, the, a sub-tribe of the Delawares, I Muscogees, the. See Creeks; Nashborough, built by Robertson, II; attacked by Indians; failure of the attack; government established at; treaty with the Indians held at; Natchez, the, take refuge with the Chickasaws, I; Neely, Alexander, takes two Indian scalps, I; Netherland, jeered at as a coward, II; rallies his comrades; checks the Indians; New England, English stock purest in, I New Mexico, the winning of, I; New York, small proportion of English blood in, in 1775, I "Nolichucky Jack." See John Sevier; Nolichucky River, a feeder of the Tennessee River, I; North Carolina, separated from Eastern Tennessee by the Unaka Mountains, I; a turbulent and disorderly colony; war between Tryon and the Regulators; Northwest, the, settlement of, preceded by the regular army, I; settled under national ordinance of 1787; English conquest of; claims of the colonies to; worthlessness of titles to; how we gained it; French inhabitants little affected by change of allegiance; war in, II Oconostota, head-chief of the Cherokees, I; signs the treaty of the Sycamore Shoals; warns the treaty-makers; Ohio Valley, in possession of the French, I; conquered by the British, II; Old Chillicothe, near Pickaway Plains; Old Tassell, his "talk" to Col. Martin, II Ottawas, the, location of, I; Ouatinous, the. See Weas; Pack-trains, sole means of transport, I; Patterson, Capt. Robert, patrols the country, II; annoyed by Reynolds; compact with Reynolds; at the battle of the Blue Licks; saved by Reynolds; shows his gratitude; Peace, difficulties in the way of, I; Pennsylvania, English blood in, in 1775, I; evil of Indian policy in; imminency of fight with Virginia; conflict of interests with Virginia; traders; neutrality in Lord Dunmore's war; her traders protected by Shawnees; panic on the frontier; Pensacola, residence of the Governor of West Florida, I; Personal prowess, II; Piankeshaws, the, associated with the Miamis, I; Pickaway Plains, base of Lord Dunmore's operations, I; Picken's Fort, gathering-place of Williamson's forces, I; Pierre, Don Eugénio, plunders St. Joseph, II; Pike, Capt., a famous Delaware chief, II; Piqua, the fight at, II; destroyed by Clark; Poe, Adam, starts in pursuit of Indians, II; saves his brother; Poe, Andrew, pursues the Indians, II; fight with two Indians; saved by his brother; Point Pleasant, camping-place of Lewis' army, I; battle of; murder of Cornstalk at; Population, movements of, I; Portugal, her share in the New World, I. Pottawattamies, the, location of, I; Powell's Valley, Boon and the McAfees meet in, I; visited by Floyd; Henderson leaves his wagons at; Prairie, origin of our use of the word, I; description of Illinois; Presbyterian-Irish. See Scotch-Irish; Presbyterianism, leading creed of the frontier, II; Preston, Wm., account of the battle of the Great Kanawha, I; Quebec, Province of, a French state to-day, I; de Quindre, Captain Daignian, a noted Detroit partisan, II; outwitted by Boon; Race, accountability of each, for individual misdeeds, I; Raven, signs the treaty of the Sycamore Shoals, I; Redhawk, murdered at Point Pleasant, I; Revolution, the, I; Westerners in the; civil war on the border; Whigs and Tories; ferocity of the partisans; the British rouse the Indian tribes to begin hostilities; twofold character of, II; Rewards offered by the South Carolina Legislature, I; Reynolds, Aaron, "a very profane, swearing man," II; rebuked by Patterson; taunts Girty; saves Patterson at the battle of the Blue Licks; capture of, by the Indians and escape; Rifle, the, the national weapon of the backwoodsman, I; Robertson, James, comes to the Watauga in 1770, I; a mighty hunter; returns to North Carolina; leads a band of settlers to Tennessee; his energy and ability; a member of the civil government of the Watauga Commonwealth; treats with the Cherokees; his mission of peace; trusted by the Cherokees; success of mission; a sergeant in Lord Dunmore's war; discovers Cornstalk's army; attacks the Indians; made superintendent of Indian affairs; sends warning to the Holston settlements; value of Gilmore's Life of; founds the Cumberland settlement, II; travels to the Cumberland; visits George Rogers Clark; guides settlers to the Cumberland; builds Nashborough; warns the settlers; draws up a compact of government; his son killed by the Indians; his character Rocheblave commands at Kaskaskia, II; attached to the British interest; treated harshly by Clark; sent a prisoner to Virginia Rogers, Lieut., defeated by Girty and Elliott, II; Russell, Capt., joins Lewis before the battle of the Great Kanawha, I; Rutherford, Gen. Griffith, relieves the besieged stations, I; takes the field against the Cherokees; his route; destroys the middle towns; proceeds against the valley towns; escapes falling-into an ambush; returns to Canucca; meets Williamson; reaches home in safety; result of his expedition; St. Asaphs. See Logan's Station, I; St. Augustine, her prosperity and decay, I; Sacs and Foxes, the, their location, I; Salem, a settlement of Moravian Indians, I; Salem Church, the first in Tennessee, II; Sandusky, the fight at, II; Saunders, John, his contract with Clark, II; Scioto River, the, remains of mound builders at mouth of, I; Scotch-Irish, the, the dominant strain in the blood of the backwoodsmen, I; a mixed people; their religious antipathies; a bold and hardy race; backbone of the order-loving element; staunch patriots; Seminoles, the, their bloody wars with the Spaniards, I; an offshoot of the Creeks; Senecas, the, the largest of the Six Nations, I; Sevier, John, plays a chief part in the history of Tennessee, I; reaches the Watauga; his ancestry and education; his appearance and influence; a member of the Watauga civil government; builds a fort; in Lord Dunmore's war; notifies the Fincastle men of the Indian advance; falls in love and marries during the siege of the Watauga fort; value of Gilmore's Life of; attempted murder of, II; leader of the whole district; his home and hospitality; "Nolichucky Jack,"; patrols the border; raises his rifle-rangers; leads the right wing at the battle of King's Mountain; rallies his men; the best Indian fighter on the border; influence over his followers; secret of his success; campaigns against the Cherokees; defeats the Indians; issues an address to the Otari chiefs; expedition against the Erati; ravages their country; services in the Revolutionary war; Sevier, Valentine, stumbles upon the Indians and escapes, I; Shawnees, the location of, I; closely united to the Delawares and Wyandots; under Cornstalk meet the McAfee's; declare war; discriminate between Virginians and Pennsylvanians; defy Conolly; defeated by backwoodsmen; their town Muskingum burned; give hostages to Lord Dunmore; declare for neutrality; give the war belt to the Cherokees Shelby, Evan, a captain in Lewis' army, I; joins Lewis before the battle of the Great Kanawha; transfers the command to his son Isaac; his estate, II; surprises the Chickamaugas Shelby, Isaac, serves under his father, I; a prominent figure on the border; commands at the battle of the Great Kanawha; his letter with account of the battle of the Great Kanawha; county lieutenant, II; lends his credit to the state; crosses the mountains; carries on a guerilla warfare; rides to Sevier's; gathers his troops; proposes Campbell as commander; addresses the troops; commands the left centre at King's Mountain; in the thick of the fight; Sherrill, Kate, escapes from the Indians; marries Sevier; Six Nations, the, surrender lands to the English, I; took no part in Lord Dunmore's war; send the white belt of peace to the northwestern tribes, II; Slover, his curious history, II; captured by the Indians; condemned to be burned; his escape Southwest, the, won by individual settlers, II; Sowdowsky, with Harrod founds Harrodsburg, I; descends the Mississippi; Spain, her conquests in America in the 16th century, I; wars with Holland, England, and France; surrenders both Floridas to England; declares war on Great Britain, II; claims country to the east of the Mississippi; hostile to America Spencer, the first permanent settler in the Cumberland country, II; mode of life; Stoner, hunts in the bend of the Cumberland, I; pilots in Lord Dunmore's surveyors; Sullivan County, erected, II; Surveyors, the, their part in the exploration of the West, I; descend the Ohio; Washington, Clark, and Boon among; sent by Lord Dunmore to the Falls of the Ohio; Sycamore Shoals, the, treaty of; Tallasotchee, the white chief of, I; Tarleton, his brutality, II; Tennessee, description of the eastern part of, I; first settlements in; formed part of North Carolina; first settlers mainly from Virginia; character of the first settlers of; organized into Washington county, North Carolina; Texas, the meaning of, I; Tipton, Major Jonathan, commands Sevier's right wing, II; failure of his expedition; Todd, John, reaches Boonsborough, I; defeated at the Licking by Indians; appointed colonel, II; commandant of Illinois; his letter of instructions; appoints Winston commandant at Kaskaskia; his financial difficulties; extract from his "Record Book,"; elected a delegate to the Virginia legislature; ranking officer in Kentucky; pursues the Indians; leads the centre at the battle of the Blue Licks; his bravery and death; Todd, Major Levi, marches to the relief of Bryan's Station, II; at the battle of the Blue Licks; Torments, inflicted by Indians, I; Transylvania, Henderson's colony, I; meeting of the legislature of; legislature of, dissolved; collapse of the colony; Trappers, descend the Mississippi, I; Treaty of Fort Stanwix, I; Trigg, Lieut.-Col., leads the men from Harrodsburg, II; commands the right at the battle of the Blue Licks; surrounded and killed; Twigtwees, the. See Miamis; Unaka Mountains, I; United States, had to be conquered before being settled, I; territorial advances of the people of the; the Southwest won by the people themselves; the Northwest won by the nation; the boundaries of, II; Vigo, Francis, a St. Louis trader, II; bears news from Vincennes to Clark; a public-spirited patriot; loans silver to the Virginian government; Vincennes, situation of, I; confusion at, II; proceedings of the rebels at; Virginia, French, Irish, and German mixture in, I; makes a treaty with the Cherokee Indians; boundaries claimed by; border ravaged by Indians; Virginians, Lord Dunmore's war fought wholly by them, I; the only foes dreaded by the Indians; styled by the Indians "Long Knives,"; gather at the Great Island of the Holston; march against; the Cherokees; reach the Big Island of the French Broad; ravage the Cherokee towns; return home; Walton, Major Jesse, serves under Sevier, II; Ward, Nancy, brings overtures of peace, II; her family respected; Warfare, ferocious individual, II; Washington College founded by Doak, II; Washington District. See Holston settlements; Washington, Gen. Geo., unable to help Clark, II; Watauga Commonwealth, 1769, date of first permanent settlement, I; supposed by settlers to form part of Virginia; discovered to be part of North Carolina; immigration from North Carolina to; character of the settlers; palisaded villages in; life of the settlers; their amusements; settlers organize a government; articles of the Watauga Association; their first convention held at Robertson's Station; plan of civil government; endures for six years; settlers ordered to leave their lands; settlers successfully solve the problem of self-government; makes a treaty with Cherokees; attacked by the Cherokees; Watauga Fort, the, commanded by Sevier and Robertson, I; attacked by the Indians; the Indians beaten back; Watauga River, a feeder of the Tennessee River, I; first settlement on the banks of the; Watts, John, Sevier's guide against the Chickamauga towns, II Wayne, Gen. Anthony, threatens the Indians, II; Weas, the, living with the Miamis, I; Wells, his noble deed, II; West, the, the winning of, II; actually conquered; definitely secured by diplomacy; West Florida, its boundaries, I; Wetzel, Lewis, a formidable hunter, II; his adventures; Wheeling, attacked by Indians, II; attacked by Simon Girty; heroism of a girl; Whites, the, provocation suffered by, I; retaliation by; White Top Mountain, a landmark, I; Wilderness, the, life in, I; Wilderness Road, the, forever famous in Kentucky history, I; exists to-day; Williams, Col., shot at the battle of King's Mountain, II Williamson, Colonel Andrew, gathers a force at Picken's Fort, I; advances against the Indians; his campaign against the Cherokees; attempt to surprise Cameron; falls into an ambush; defeats the Indians; destroys their houses; garrisons Fort Rutledge; meets Rutherford; falls into an ambush; defeats the Indians; reaches the valley towns; joined by Rutherford; destroys all the Cherokee settlements west of Appalachians; returns to Fort Rutledge; Williamson, Col. David, removes the remnant of the Moravians to Fort Pitt, II; blamed by the people; leads the frontiersmen to the Moravian towns; commands the retreat from Sandusky; Willing, the, the first gunboat in western waters, II; reaches Vincennes; Winnebagos, the, location of, I; Winston, Major, cuts off the retreat of the British, II; Winston, Richard, appointed commandant at Kaskaskia, II; becomes "unhappy"; Wyandots, the, location of, I; redoubtable foes; claim respect from the Algonquins; surpass their neighbors in mercifulness as well as valor; the Half King of, threatens revenge, II; defeat and kill Estill;