When war is declared an army is formed of two or more corps. The general commanding exercises supreme control, civil and military, if the force enters the enemy's country. His staff are detailed much as usual at an American army head-quarters in the field.

There are in the active army--Infantry: 768 battalions (192 regiments, 48 divisions), 54 batt. riflemen. Cavalry: 56 regular regiments (4 cuirassiers, 2 uhlans, 2 hussars, 48 dragoons); 29 regt. Cossacks, divided into 20 divisions, kept in time of peace at 768 men (864 with sub-officers) per regiment. Artillery: 51 brigades, or 303 batteries of 8 guns each; 30 horse-batteries of 6 guns each; besides 14 batteries with Cossack divisions. Fifty "parks" and 20 sections of "parks" supply each infantry brigade and cavalry division with cartridges.

THE LAND FORCES OF RUSSIA.
[Footnote: Approximately from latest (1884-85) returns. (Combatants
only.)]
EUROPE.
Field Troops
PEACE.
Engineers. 21,335
Cavalry. 52,902
Infantry. 49,581
Artillery. 323,701
Total. 447,519
Horses. 71,565
Guns. 1,188
WAR.
Total. 821,243
Horses. 155,149
Guns. 2,172
Reserve, Fortress, and Depot Troops
PEACE.
Engineers. -
Cavalry. 10,504
Infantry. 23,704
Artillery. 54,995
Total. 89,203
Horses. 8,703
Guns. 144
WAR.
Total. 891,404
Horses. 109,822
Guns. 1,236
CAUCASUS.
Field Troops
PEACE.
Engineers. 1,548
Cavalry. 12,364
Infantry. 8,442
Artillery. 59,254
Total. 81,608
Horses. 15,927
Guns. 198
WAR.
Total. 150,313
Horses. 31,700
Guns. 366
Reserve Fortress Troops
PEACE.
Engineers. -
Cavalry. 5,480
Infantry. 2,860
Artillery. 2,270
Total. 10,610
Horses. 6,137
Guns. 8
WAR.
Total. 51,776
Horses. 36,862
Guns. 12
TURKESTAN.
PEACE.
Engineers. 496
Cavalry. 6,744
Infantry. 2,468
Artillery. 12,522
Total. 22,230
Horses. 8,246
Guns. 48
WAR.
Total. 34,125
Horses. 12,780
Guns. 76
SIBERIA.
PEACE.
Engineers. 244
Cavalry. 2,606
Infantry. 1,273
Artillery. 7,752
Total. 11,875
Horses. 3,412
Guns. 24
WAR.
Total. 29,779
Horses. 14,745
Guns. 58
Grand Aggregate of the Empire.
PEACE.
Engineers. 23,623
Cavalry. 90,600
Infantry. 83,328
Artillery. 460,494
Total. 663,045
Horses. 113,990
Guns. 1,610
WAR.
Total. 1,978,640
Horses. 367,089
Guns. 3,920

During 1884 the engineer corps was reorganized. Henceforward the peace establishment will consist of seventeen battalions of sappers; eight battalions of pontoniers; sixteen field-telegraph companies, each of which is mounted, so as to maintain telegraphic communication for forty miles, and have two stations; six engineering parks or trains, each ten sections, carrying each sufficient tools and material for an infantry division; four battalions of military railway engineers; four mine companies; two siege trains, and one telegraph instruction company. The whole is divided into six brigades, and provisions are taken for training recruits and supplying the losses during war. The fortress troops, for the defence of fortresses, consist of forty-three battalions of twelve hundred men each in time of war, and nine companies of three hundred men each. The depot troops, for garrison service, consist of thirteen battalions and three hundred detachments.

The reserve troops supply 204 battalions of infantry, 56 squadrons of cavalry, 57 batteries of artillery, and 34 companies of sappers. If mobilized, they are intended to supply 544 battalions, 56 squadrons, 144 batteries, and 34 companies of engineers. The second reserve, or "Zapas," consists of "cadres" for instruction, organized in time of war.

The training of the Russian infantry comprises that of skirmishing as of most importance; the whistle is used to call attention; the touch is looser in the ranks than formerly; squares to resist cavalry are no longer used; [Footnote: A British officer, who has had good opportunities, says the infantry drill is second to none.] the Berdan breech-loader is the infantry arm; sergeant-majors wear officers' swords, and together with musicians carry revolvers.

A great stimulus has been given to rifle practice in the Russian army, with fair results, but complaint is made of want of good instructors. The dress and equipment of the infantry is noted for an absence of ornament, and hooks are substituted for buttons. Every thing has been made subordinate to comfort and convenience. Woollen or linen bandages are worn instead of socks. The entire outfit of the soldier weighs about fifty pounds. The Guards, alone, are yet permitted to wear their old uniform with buttons. The arms of the Turkestan troops are mixed Berdan and Bogdan rifles. The field clothing is generally linen blouse with cloth shoulder-straps, chamois-leather trousers, dyed red, and a white képi. Officers wear the same trousers in the field. Cossacks wear gray shirts of camel's hair.

The artillery is divided into field artillery and horse artillery, of which the strength is given elsewhere. The horse batteries have the steel four-pound gun.

Col. Lumley, of the British army, says: "In Russia it is believed that the field artillery is equal to that of any other Power, and the horse artillery superior." Lieut. Grierson, R.A., from his personal observation, confirms this opinion.