Of the only God, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.
We believe from the heart, and confess herewith according to the testimony of the word of God, that there is one, only, eternal, almighty, merciful and just God (Deut. 6:4; Matt. 19:17; Ps. 90:2; Isaiah 40:28; Rom. 16:26; Gen. 17:1; Ps. 103:8; Philippians 2:4; Dan. 9:7), and none other (1 Corinthians 8:4,5), to whom there is none like (Ex. 8:10; Is. 46:9), whose greatness is immeasurable, and his form indescribable, 2 Chr. 6:18; Job 11:8,9. Before whom, above whom, and beside whom, there is no other, Is. 43:11; Deut. 10:17; 32:39. Who is of himself that he is, Ex. 3:14. To whom all things that are owe their existence, Gen. 1; Ps. 146:6; Acts 14:15. Who is the Alpha and Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end, Rev. 21:6; Is. 41:4. Who knows, sees, and hears all things, Ps. 94:11; 1 John 3:20; Ps. 33:13; 94:9. Who alone is good, and the fountain and source of all good, Matt. 19:17; James 1:17. Wherefore to him, blessed be he, belongs and must be given all divine honor, fear, love and obedience (Ps. 29:1; Luke 2:14; Deut. 10:12,20; 6:5; Matt. 22:37; Jeremiah 11:7), which may not be shown to any other, neither to angels, nor to men, nor to any other, whether they be heavenly or earthly creatures, Rev. 19:10; Acts 10:26. For he will not give his glory unto another, neither his praise to idols, Is. 48:11; 42:8. But although God in the aforesaid manner manifests and makes himself known in general by his word: yet by the same word he also shows himself distinctively and separately, as, namely: That there are three that bear record in heaven, 1 John 5:7. Not three gods, but one Father, one Word or Son, and one Holy Ghost, even as this was shown, when the Lord Christ was baptized (Matt. 3:16); and is also taught in the words of Christ, where he commands his disciples to baptize in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Matt. 28:19. So that therefore, according to the word of God, the Father is the true Father of the Son (Matt. 7:21; 10:32,33; 16:17; Mark 14:36; John 17), from whom the Son proceeded in an incomprehensible manner from eternity, and was born before every creature. Micah 5:2; Col. 1:15. Hence the Son is also the true Son of the Father (Ps. 2:7,12; Matt. 3:17; 17:5), so that also the Father, as far as he is the Father, is not the Son, John 3:16,17; Rom. 8:3; Gal. 4:4. That likewise the Son, as far as he is the Son, is not the Father, John 16:28; Rom. 5:10. But that herein the Father is another than the Son, and the Son another than the Father, John 5:32,37; 10:25,29; 15:24. That also the Father and the Son, as far as they are Father and Son, are not the Holy Ghost. That also the Holy Ghost, as far as he proceeds or is sent out by the Father, in the name of the Son, is another than the Father or the Son. But as far as the Father is God, eternal, uncreated, but the Creator of all things, with many other divine attributes, herein we believe that the Son and the Holy Ghost are one with the Father, to whom one and the same title of God, in the highest significance, honor, service, and obedience, belongs.
However, the manner, how and wherein Father, Son and holy Ghost are three and also one, we do not think that God has so fully revealed to us in his word; that also all the knowledge of it is not necessary to salvation, since it is a high or deep mystery, which here in this life can be known but in part, as if seen through a glass darkly, 1 Cor. 13:12. The perfect knowledge and true contemplation of which, is hoped for by faith, in this life, but will only hereafter, in the life eternal, be fully known. 1 John 3:2. Wherefore deep investigation of this matter, beyond or above the word of God, is more subtilty than Christian simplicity. The terms, of one essence, trinity, three persons, invented in former times by the ancients, we avoid, because they are unknown to the Scriptures, and because it is dangerous, in naming God, to use other words than those of the holy Scriptures. By the words, three beings, or three in one being, previously used by Jaques Outerman, as also by some of our teachers, we understand nothing else than what is comprehended in this our preceding confession.
Of the incarnation of the Son of God.
We believe and confess, that God, willing to show his very great love to the human race (who through sin had fallen into death and into much corruption), and to perform by the deed his gracious promises made to the fathers (Gen. 3:15; 12:3; 22:18; Deut. 18:18), sent to this purpose his only (John 3:16), dear (Luke 9:35), and beloved Son (Matthew 3:17), who was from eternity (Heb. 1:2), by whom all things were created and made (Col. 1:16; Heb. 1), into this world (John 3:17; 1 John 4:9), who gladly obeyed the will of his Father (Ps. 40:8; Heb. 10:7), and came from above (John 3:31; 8:23), from heaven (3:13; 6:62), came forth from his Father (16:28), leaving his divine glory (17:5), form (Philip. 2:6), and riches (2 Cor. 8:9), descended (Eph. 4:9), came into this world (John 16:28), so that the virgin Mary, by the power of the Most High (Luke 1:35), conceived him (Is. 7:14; Matt. 1:23; Luke 2:7), so that also the same, and no other, was born of her (Is. 7: Matthew 1:25; Luke 1; Gal. 4:4). For although Mary bore the Son of God in another form, than in which he was with the Father before the foundation of the world; yet it is nevertheless the same, whose goings forth have been from of old, from everlasting, Micah 5:2; Is. 9:6. For the Word or Son became flesh. John 1:14. Yea, he that was like unto God, became like another man. Philip. 2:7. The Son of God appeared in the form of sinful flesh (Romans 8:3), and God was manifested in the flesh (1 Timothy 3:16), so that the second man Christ is the Lord himself from heaven. 1 Cor. 15:47. Hence that which the apostles saw in Christ, with their eyes, heard with their ears, and handled with their hands, was of the Word of life; so that they saw that eternal life which was with the Father. 1 John 1. For God brought his first begotten Son into the world, whom all angels and men must worship. Heb. 1:6; Philip. 2:10. And when we thus believe, we have in our favor the testimony of God and of all the righteous, who with one accord unanimously exclaim: that this visible man Christ is the Son of God (Matt. 3:17; John 1:2; 9:37; 11:27; Matt. 16:16; 1 John 4:10; 5:5), who dwelt among men (John 1:14: Zech. 2:10; Bar. 3:37), and whom the high priests, because he confessed himself to be the Son of God, also condemned to death. Mark 14:64; John 18:35. For, not knowing him, they nailed the Lord of glory, that is the Lord from heaven, to the cross. 1 Cor. 2:8; 15:47. There the Son of the living God suffered (Heb. 5:8), whom God did not spare (Rom. 8:32), but delivered him up for the life of the world (John 3:16; 1 John 4:14), to the most ignominious death of the cross. Philip. 2:8. There the Son of God shed his precious blood for the forgiveness of our sins (Acts 20:28; Col. 1:14; 1 John 1:7; Rev. 1:5); he by whom God made the worlds, by himself purged our sins. Heb. 1:2,3. He was buried, and the third day was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father. 1 Cor. 15:12; Acts 3:26: Rom. 6:4; 1 Thess. 1:10. He ascended up to where he was before. John 3:13; 6:62; 16:28; Eph. 4:8; 1 Tim. 3:16. He is sitting there at the right hand of the Majesty of his Father (Eph. 1:20; Heb. 1:3), whence he shall come in the clouds of heaven, to judge the quick and the dead. Matt. 24:30; Acts 10:42; Rev. 1:7.
The final cause of the sending, advent, incarnation, and suffering and death of the only begotten Son of God in this world, was to save sinners (1 Tim. 1:15; Matt. 18:11), or to reconcile the sinful world to God the Father, John 3:17; 1 John 2:2; 2 Cor. 5:19. Hence he is also the only foundation (1 Cor. 3:11), the only door to the Father (John 10), the only way to eternal life (John 14:6), and the only meritorious cause of justification (Acts 13:38; Rom. 3:24), and of eternal salvation; for there is salvation in no other, as the apostle Peter says, neither is there any other name under heaven given among men, whereby they must be saved, than in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. Acts 4:12. To him be praise, honor and glory forever and ever. Amen.
This was subscribed by twenty ministers of the Anabaptists (who are all well known), in the name of their churches; as of Amsterdam, Haerlem, Leyden, Delft, Rotterdam, Dergoude, Schiedam, Bommel, Blockzijl, etc.
This confession of faith, concerning the articles about God and the incarnation of the Son of God, etc., having been delivered to the deputies of the Court of Holland, produced satisfaction with their High Excellencies, and hence the establishment of greater peace and liberty for the Anabaptists in said country, although to the dissatisfaction of those who, through bitterness, had first endeavored to disturb their peace, and, if they could have succeeded to cause an oppression or persecution of them.
Note.—Just in time two manuscript tracts, in the Swiss language, were sent to us, both of them having been sent before this date, from the Swiss parts, to divers churches of our fellow-believers, but principally to those of Amsterdam, at the request and in the name of some of the oppressed brethren; also, in general, of the ministers and elders of the church in the Palatinate and Alsace.
The first was written and completed on the 15th of September 1645, and bears the signature of Jeremiah Mangold.