A naval action was fought off Cuddalore June 30, 1783, between a British squadron of 17 sail under Sir Edward Hughes, and 12 French ships under Suffren. The French, as usual, declined to come to close quarters, and after a long range action, in which Hughes lost 532 men, fighting was suspended at nightfall, leaving Suffren in possession of the roads, and able to prevent the complete investment of Cuddalore.
Culloden (Rebellion of the Forty-five).
Fought April 16, 1746, between the Royal troops under the Duke of Cumberland, and the Highlanders under the Young Pretender. The rebels were completely routed by the English regulars, and in addition to heavy loss in the field, suffered terribly in the pursuit, being ruthlessly cut down by the cavalry. Cumberland's cruelty on this occasion earned for him the title of "Butcher." The Royalists lost 309 killed and wounded. This battle is sometimes called the Battle of Drummossie Moor.
Cunaxa (Expedition of Cyrus the Younger).
Fought B.C. 401 between the Persians, about 400,000 strong, under Artaxerxes, and the army of his brother Cyrus, consisting of 100,000 Orientals, with 14,000 Greek mercenaries, under Clearchus. The Greeks on the right wing drove back the Persian left, and Cyrus in the centre broke the king's body-guard, which fled in disorder. While pursuing his brother, however, he was struck down, and his Orientals at once took to flight. The Greeks refused to surrender, and were allowed to retain their arms and march, to the coast. This expedition of Cyrus forms the subject of Xenophon's "Anabasis."
Curicta (Civil War of Cæsar and Pompey).
Fought B.C. 49, when the Cæsarian fleet under Dolabella was totally destroyed by the Pompeian fleet under Marcus Octavius. This victory cut off the Cæsarian army under Caius Antonius, which was quartered on the island of Curicta, and Antonius was forced to surrender.
Curupayti (Paraguayan War).
Fought September 22, 1866, between the troops of Brazil, Argentine and Uruguay, under General Flores, and the Paraguayans under Lopez. The allies were totally defeated, and Flores abandoned the army, returning to Montevideo.