See [Arikera].
Carlisle (Rebellion of the Forty-five).
This city was besieged by the Jacobites under the Young Pretender, November 9, 1745, and was defended by the Cumberland and Westmoreland Militia, with small force of regulars, under Colonel Durand. The besiegers opened fire on the 13th, and on the evening of the 14th, under pressure of the inhabitants, Durand surrendered.
Carnoul (Persian Invasion of India).
Fought 1739, between the Persians under Nadir Shah, and the Moguls under the Emperor Mohammed Shah and his Grand Vizier, Nizam-ul-Mulk. The Persian veterans completely defeated the raw Mogul levies, and Nadir Shah shortly afterwards occupied and sacked Delhi, carrying off, it is said, jewels and coin to the value of thirty millions sterling.
Carpi (War of the Spanish Succession).
Fought July 1701, between the Imperialists under Prince Eugene, and the French army in Lombardy, under Marshal Catinat. The French were signally defeated, and, in consequence, Catinat was recalled from the command.
Carrhæ (Parthian War).
Fought B.C. 53, between the Romans, 52,000 strong, under Publius Crassus, and the Parthians under Sillaces. The Parthians, who were entirely cavalry, adopted their usual tactics of retiring and drawing their foes in pursuit. As the heavily armed legionaries became strung out across the plain, they turned upon them and cut them down in detail. Of the division, 6,000 strong, which actually came into action, 500 were made prisoners, and the rest, including Crassus, slain.