New Custom.
A system of granting to foreign merchants the privilege of trading with English ports in return for a subsidy. This system was introduced by Edward I in 1303, and is the origin of Customs Duties.
New Departure.
A change of programme on the part of a section of the Democratic party in the United States in 1871. They admitted that all, including negroes, were entitled to equal rights and full citizenship, but demanded a universal amnesty for the Southerners, condemned protective duties as levied solely in the interests of the Northern manufacturers, and strongly protested against the Force Bill of 1870.
New England Confederation.
A union of the four New England Colonies, Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, New Haven, and Connecticut, formed in 1643 for mutual protection against the Dutch and the Indians.
New Learning.
The name given in England to the revival of learning in the West, the first manifestation of which was the Italian Renaissance.
New Model.
The name given to the Parliamentary Army as reformed by the Self-denying Ordinance of 1645.