Turnip-Hoer.
A nickname of George I, who is said to have suggested planting St. James’s Park with turnips.
Turpentine State.
A popular name for the State of North Carolina, referring to its large production of turpentine.
Tuscany, League of.
A league of the Tuscan cities, formed under the auspices of Innocent III, “for the honour and aggrandizement of the Apostolic See.” Pisa alone refused to join the league.
Tweed Ring.
A ring headed by W. M. Tweed, the Tammany Boss, which robbed the city of New York of large sums. Tweed was convicted of fraud in 1873. See Tammany.
Twelve Peers of France.
A body of peers, holding direct from the Crown, who were limited to twelve during the reign of Philip Augustus (1180-1223). They were six lay peers, namely, the Dukes of Normandy, Aquitaine and Burgundy, and the Counts of Toulouse, Flanders and Champagne; and six spiritual, the Archbishop of Rheims, and the Bishops of Beauvais, Châlons, Langres, Laon, and Noyon.