[[55]] See Virgil, Æneid, viii. 185-279.
[[56]] The reference is to Milton's Il Penseroso. The struggle of fate and man's free will is the central idea of the typical Greek tragedies.
[[57]] Tristram Shandy was one of Carlyle's favorite books: Sterne probably appealed to him by his humor and kindliness. Cf. p. 33, above.
[[58]] Both Ludwig Tieck (1773-1853) and Johann Karl August Musäus (1735-1787) worked with materials drawn from popular legend. But Musäus, in his most famous work, Volksmärchen der Deutschen (German Folk-Tales), could not keep from introducing his own satirical tone. Thus the book lacks the simplicity of genuine folk-lore. Remember that Carlyle had already published translations from both these men.
[[59]] Fearless crone.
[[60]] The scene of The Jolly Beggars was an actual tavern in Mauchline, kept by a Mrs. Gibson, called "Poosie-Nansie."
[[61]] David Teniers, the Younger (1610-1690).
[[62]] By John Gay (1685-1732).
[[63]] By John Fletcher (1579-1625).
[[64]] In particular, Lockhart, chap. ix.