Fig. 116 (above). Fig. 117 (below).
Fig. 118. Scratch Awl.
Exercise No. 18.—Scratch-Awl.
This tool is used to scratch holes on the surface of metal, and also to lay out shapes on metal. [Figure 116] shows the dimensions of stock. The piece should be carbon steel. One and one-half inches from one end, the bar is drawn out until it measures 2¼ inches in length, as shown in [Figure 117]. It is then bent on an angle as shown in [Figure 118]. This part is now heated and hammered over the horn of the anvil to form the eye or ring. It is then twisted by catching one end in the vise and twisting to the right. The point is next drawn out as shown in [Figure 119]. The point is then ground or filed and the awl tempered hard.
Fig. 119. Scratch Awl Complete.
Exercise No. 19—Center-Punch.
[Figure 120] shows the size of stock and [Figure 121] shows the center-punch completed. The top part is first made, then the bottom is drawn out to a taper. In doing this, it is first drawn square, then eight sided and finally rounded. The point is ground and the punch is tempered to a purple color. For heavy centering a larger size steel should be used.