A correct and extensive knowledge of the tide is essential to good work, if navigating salt water. A constant study should be made of the tides, learn their strength, direction and height. Always carry a tide book, and make a habit of consulting the tables. By knowing the exact time of the current changes and the locations where they change earliest you will save hours of time in getting from port to port. In estuaries and sounds the current generally runs longest in mid-channel and changes on the inshore first. So if carrying the last of a tide keep in midstream; if using the first of it keep inshore. Eddies can be found by examining the shore line, and drawing conclusions from the trend of the coast. Much distance can sometimes be gained by working eddies if sailing against an adverse current.
Attraction:
Floating objects have a tremendous attraction for each-other, and if lying becalmed will gradually draw together. This is an influence shared by every particle of matter in the universe, but passes unnoticed upon land where we only see it manifested as weight. It no doubt accounts for many of the collisions at sea in thick weather. Many strandings are also due to this attraction which draws vessels towards the land. In sailing at night or in thick weather along a coast, this force should be allowed for. It is most likely to be felt on high, bold shores, and least on low, shallow ones. It is this attraction that causes your dingey on a still night to insist upon lying against the stern or side of the yacht.
Working craft and steamers:
Yachtsmen should never unnecessarily bother coasters or steam vessels, or any craft that is on the water for business. A yacht can be easily cast from tack to tack, whereas it is a laborious job to turn a heavily laden schooner round. But if you are not going to insist upon having the right of way always tack or shift your helm in plenty of time, so that the other man can know what you are about. If you decide to stand on, do so, and don’t balk at the last moment when close aboard of the other vessel. It is this indecision which leads to collisions.
Coasters:
The lookout on coasters is generally badly kept, owing to their being short-manned, and sometimes to carelessness. At night and in foggy weather keep out of their track, if possible. Also, keep out of the way of tugs towing barges, as they are bad customers, who pay little or no attention to the rights of small craft. Large steamers are as a general thing very carefully navigated, and can be trusted to go clear, if they see you; but remember that yacht side lights are poor things, and cannot be seen at any distance.
Anchored vessels:
Never try to cross the bows of anchored vessels, especially sailing craft, unless you are well to windward of them. Trying to shave a jib-boom has cost many a man a spar or a sail. It is always best if there is any doubt of clearing to go under the vessel’s stern.