Ceratiomyxa Schroeter
- 1889. Ceratiomyxa Schroeter, Engl. u. Prantl, I., i., p. 16. For further synonymy, see under first species.
Sporangia none; spores superficial, borne on erect papillæ or pillars, or even on the inside of minute depressions or pits; each spore surmounting a delicate pedicel or stalk. The spores on germinating give rise to amœboid zoöspores, which undergo repeated divisions, later become ciliate, and at length again amœboid to blend into genuine plasmodia. At maturity the plasmodium gives rise to numerous minute divisions, each of which may lengthen in a direction perpendicular to the surface and bear a spore at the tip.
The homologies between the structures just described and the fructification of the ordinary slime-mould are somewhat obscure, if indeed any really exist. Are these minute reproductive bodies spores?—their behavior on germination is unique; are they sporangia?—the arrested development they exhibit is none the less puzzling. Perhaps the sporiferous pillars represent incipient stipes, the spores the uncombined fragments of what might otherwise have coalesced at the summit of the pillar to form a true sporangium.[16]
Several species have been recognized, all referable probably to one or two, or at most, four forms. That universally recognized alike in the literature of the past and in recent studies is,—
1. Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (Muell.) Macbr.
[Plate I]., Figs. 7 and 7 a.
- 1729. Puccinia ramosa, bifurcata, etc. Micheli, p. 213, Tab. 92, Fig. 2.
- 1775. Byssus fruticulosa Müller, in Fl. Dan., t. 718, Fig. 2.
- 1778. Tremella hydnoidea Jacquin, Misc., Vol. I., t. 16.
- 1783. Clavaria puccinia Batsch, Elench. Fung., p. 139, Fig. 19.
- 1791. Puccinia byssoides Gmelin, Syst. Naturae, p. 1462.
- 1791. Clavaria byssoides Bulliard, Champ. de la France, t. 415, Fig. 2.
- 1794. Isaria mucida Pers., Römer, N. Mag. Bot., I., p. 121.
- 1801. Isaria mucida Pers., Syn. Meth., p. 688.
- 1805. Ceratium hydnoides Alb. & Schw., Consp. Fung., p. 258.
- 1811. Ceratiomyxa porioides (A. & S.) Schroet., Mycet., p. 26, var.
- 1829. Ceratium hydnoides Fries, Syst. Myc., III., p. 294.
- 1872. Ceratium hydnoides Wor. & Fam., Mem. Acad. Imp., Petersburg.
- 1887. Ceratium hydnoides DeBary, Comp. Morph. Fung., p. 432.
- 1889. Ceratiomyxa mucida Schroeter, Engl. u. Prantl Nat. Pflanz., I., i., p. 16.
- 1893. Ceratiomyxa mucida, Pers., Macbr., Bull. Nat. Hist. Iowa, II., p. 114.
- 1894. Ceratiomyxa mucida Schroet., Lister, Mycetozoa, p. 25.
Plasmodium in rotten wood, white or nearly transparent; when fruiting, forming on the substratum mould-like patches composed of the minute sporiferous pillars, generally in clusters of three or more together; spores white, ovoid, or ellipsoidal, smooth, 10–12 × 6 µ.