[38] In modern works on Veterinary Anatomy the lungs are sometimes described as two lobes of a single organ.
[39] “Histoire des Sciences Naturelles.”—t. i. p. 130.
[40] “Aristotle, a Chapter from the History of Science.”
[41] I quote, here and always, Cousin’s edition of the works of Descartes, as most convenient for reference. It is entitled “Œuvres complètes de Descartes,” publiées par Victor Cousin. 1824.
[42] “Les Passions de l’Âme,” Article xxxiii.
[43] “Recherches physiologiques sur la Vie et la Mort.” Par Xav. Bichat. Art. Sixième.
[44] Locke (Human Understanding, Book II., chap. viii. 37) uses Descartes’ illustration for the same purpose, and warns us that “most of the ideas of sensation are no more the likeness of something existing without us than the names that stand for them are the likeness of our ideas, which yet, upon hearing, they are apt to excite in us,” a declaration which paved the way for Berkeley.
[45] “Passions de l’Âme,” Art. xxxvi.
[46] “Quamcumque Bruti actionem, velut automati mechanici motum artificialem, in eo consistere quod se primò sensibile aliquod spiritus animales afficiens, eosque introrsum convertens, sensionem excitat, à qua mox iidem spiritus, velut undulatione reflexâ denuo retrorsum commoti atque pro concinno ipsius fabricæ organorum, et partium ordine, in certos nervos musculosque determinati, respectivos membrorum motus perficiunt.”—Willis: “De Animâ Brutorum,” p. 5, ed. 1763.
[47] “Les Passions de l’Âme,” xlii.