13. And here it is to be understood, that when he or they that have the sovereign power, give such exemption, or privilege, to a subject, as is not separable from the sovereignty, and nevertheless directly retaineth the sovereign power, not knowing the consequence of the privilege they grant, the person or persons exempted or privileged, are not thereby released. For in contradictory significations of the will (Human Nature, chap. XIII. [sect. 9]), that which is directly signified, is to be understood for the will, before that which is drawn from it by consequence.
Obedience discharged by exile.
14. Also exile perpetual, is a release of subjection, forasmuch, as being out of the protection of the sovereignty that expelled him, he hath no means of subsisting but from himself. Now every man may lawfully defend himself, that hath no other defence; else there had been no necessity that any man should enter into voluntary subjection, as they do in commonwealths.
By conquest.
15. Likewise a man is released of his subjection by conquest. For when it cometh to pass, that the power of a commonwealth is overthrown, and any particular man thereby lying under the sword of his enemy, yieldeth himself captive, he is thereby bound to serve him that taketh him, and consequently discharged of his obligation to the former. For no man can serve two masters.
By ignorance of the right of succession.
16. Lastly, ignorance of the succession dischargeth obedience. For no man can be understood to be obliged to obey he knoweth not whom.
CHAPTER III.
[1, 2.] Titles to dominion: master and servant, &c. [3.] Chains and other, &c. Bonds, &c. Slave defined. [4.] Servants have no property against their lord, &c. [5.] The master hath right to alienate his servant. [6.] The servant of the servant, &c. [7.] How servitude is discharged. [8.] The middle lord, &c. [9.] The title of man, &c. over beasts.
Titles to dominion; master and servant, &c.