The history of England, from the earliest times to the Norman Conquest

by Thomas Hodgkin

INDEX.

• Abercorn (Aebbercurnig), [192].
• Abingdon, monastery at, [355], [419].
• Acha of Deira, wife of Ethelfrid, [133], [153].
• Adamnan, Abbot of Iona, [148], [151], [157].
• Adela, daughter of William the Norman, [469], [476].
• Adminius, son of Cymbeline, [28].
• Adolf, son of Baldwin of Flanders, [330].
• Ad Murum, royal villa at, [169], [175].
• Aelfredes and Guthrumes Frith, [286–288].
• Aelfric, Archbishop of Canterbury, [452].
• Aelle, King of Deira, [94], [115], [133], [135], [171].
• Aelle, King of Sussex, [89], [90], [110], [126].
• Aesc, King of Kent, [88], [89].
• “Aestel,” clasp or bookmarker? 292.
• Aetius, [96], [97].
• Agatha, wife of Etheling Edward, [461].
• Agatho, Pope, [203].
• Agilbert, Bishop, [182], [183], [193], [196].
• Agricola, Calpurnius, [58].
• Agricola, Gnæus Julius, conquers Ordovices, [47];
• fortifies North of England, [50];
• his Caledonian campaign, [50];
• recalled to Rome, [50].
• Aidan, King of the Scots, [133], [134], [148].
• Aidan, missionary bishop, [155–169], [181], [182], [198].
• Albinus, Abbot of Canterbury, [86].
• Albinus, British usurper defeated at Lyons, [59].
• Albion, [6], [9].
• Alchfleda, daughter of Oswy, [168].
• Alchfrid, son of Oswy, [168], [170–172], [180], [182], [183].
• Alclyde. See [Dumbarton], [130], [246].
• Alcuin, Northumbrian scholar, [237], [252], [258], [498].
• Aldfrid the Learned, [208].
• Aldgyth, daughter of Elfgar, [467], [471].
• Aldhelm, Abbot of Malmesbury, [178], [241].
• Aldhun, Bishop of Lindisfarne, first Bishop of Durham, [406–408].
• Alexander II., Pope, blesses Norman invasion, [476].
• Alfhild, mother of Magnus of Norway, [444].
• Alfred the Great, King of the English, birth (in 848?) at Wantage, [272];
• journey to Rome (in 853), [272];
• (in 855), [268], [273];
• story of the book of poetry given to him, [273];
• “secundarius” under his brother Ethelred, [275];
• fights with the Danes at Ashdown, [279];
• his accession to the throne (871), [281];
• in hiding at Athelney, [283];
• conquers the Danes, peace with Guthrum, [285];
• renewed fighting and peace with Guthrum, [287];
• family life, [289];
• feeble health, [290];
• literary culture, [291];
• translation of the Regula Pastoralis, [292];
• of Orosius, [293];
• his connection with the Saxon Chronicle, [295];
• translation of Bede’s Ecclesiastical History, [295];
• of Boethius, [296];
• expenditure, [298];
• mission to India? 299;
• laws, [299–395];
• last wars with the Danes (892–896), [306–313];
• death, [314];
• buried in the New Minster, [314].
• Alfred, an ealdorman, [304].
• Alfred, son of Ethelred the Redeless, [386], [392], [418–420].
• Alfwin, King of Deira, [191], [202].
• Alfwold, defender of monks, [361].
• Allectus, assassinates Carausius, [65];
• slain by Constantius Chlorus, [66].
• Aller, Guthrum baptised at, [285].
• Alphege (or Elfheah), Archbishop, [384], [389], [390].
• Amber, a measure, perhaps four bushels, [226].
• Ambrosius, Aurelianus, [98], [99], [102], [103], [107].
• Ammianus Marcellinus, historian, [52], [72], [73], [495].
• Anastasius, anti-pope, [269].
• Anatolius, cycle of, [185].
• Anderida (Andredesceaster), [89], [110], [138], [483].
• Andover, treaty with Danes at, [384].
• Andraste, Celtic goddess, [40].
• Andredesleag, or Andredesweald, forest of, [89], [177], [308].
• Angles, [79–81], [114], [157].
• Anglesey, or Mona, [35], [38], [47], [131], [138].
• Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, [87–94], [245–482] passim, [498–500], [505].
• Anglo-Saxon money, [232–235].
• Anjou, origin of Counts of, [370].
• Anlaf, King of Irish Danes, [333].
• Anlaf, son of Guthred, [332].
• Anlaf, son of Sihtric, [333], [340].
• Anna, King of East Anglia, [162–164], [174], [176].
• Annales Cambriæ, [100], [506].
• Antoninus Pius, Emperor, builds a wall of turf, [58], [94], [334].
• Apollinaris Sidonius, Bishop of Clermont, [71], [84], [106].
• Appach, on Cæsar’s British Expeditions, [24].
• Appledore, Cæsar’s landing-place? 24;
• Danish attacks, [307], [308].
• Arcadius, Emperor, [72].
• Archbishop of Mercia at Lichfield, [250].
• Ari, an Icelandic scholar, [504].
• Armorica. See [Brittany].
• Arnulf, King of the Franks, [306].
• Arnulf the Old, Count of Flanders, [352], [369].
• Arpad the Hungarian, [258].
• Arthur, or Artorius, [104], [105], [107], [132].
• Asclepiodotus, Pretorian Prefect, [66] n.
• Ashdown (Aescesdune), [178], [278].
• “Ashes,” Danish ships, [312].
• Assandune, battle of, [383], [397].
• Asser, Alfred’s biographer, [255], [272], [277], [284] n., [291], [292], [500].
• Athelney, island of, [283], [284], [291], [295].
• Athelstan, son of Edward the Elder (924–940), [328];
• connection with rulers of France and Germany, [330];
• friendship with Scandinavian powers, [331];
• “lord of all Britain,” [332], [333];
• battle of Brunanburh, [334–336];
• his person and character, [337];
• prayer of, [338];
• death and burial, [338];
• laws of, [425], [438].
• Athelstan, Bishop of Hereford, [466].
• Athelstan, son of Egbert, [265].
• Athelstan, the half-king, [347], [352].
• Athelstan, West Saxon almoner, [299].
• Ath-fultum, or oath-helping, [229].
• Atrebates, British tribe, [10].
• Attacotti, allies of Picts and Scots, [68].
• Attila, his raids a possible cause of Saxon migration, [97], [107], [109], [112].
• Augustine, his mission, [118–125].
• Augustine’s Oak, conference at, [123].
• Avonmouth, [455].
• Aylesbury (Aegelesburh), [92].
• Aylesford, battle of, [88].
• Avalon, vale of, [178].
• Axminster (Ascanmynster), [74].
• Badbury (Baddanburh), Ethelwald’s rebellion begins at, [319].
• Badon. See [Mount Badon].
• Bagseg, Danish king, [279].
• Bakewell (Badecanwiellon), [323], [326].
• Baldred, King of Kent, [264].
• Baldwin I. of Flanders marries Judith, widow of King Ethelbald, [274].
• Baldwin II. of Flanders marries Elfrida, daughter of Alfred, [289].
• Baldwin V. of Flanders, [418], [420], [450], [455], [471].
• Baldwin’s land, [445], [450], [451], [455], [458], [477].
• Bamburgh (Bebbanburh), built by Ida, [94], [132], [133], [153], [154], [175], [247], [281], [332], [408].
• Bangor, monastery in Flint, [122], [124], [135].
• Barbury (Beranbyrig), battle of, [91].
• Bardney (Beardanig), monastery of, [159], [173].
• Basileus, Athelstan’s title, [336], [339].
• Basing, Danish victory at, [280].
• Bass, a thegn of Edwin, [145].
• Bates, Cadwallader J., [132], [170] n.
• Bath (Bathanceaster), [92], [356], [392].
• Battle Abbey, [490], [491].
• Bayeux, Tapestry of, [468], [475], [484], [469], [488], [491], [506].
• Beaurain, Harold, imprisoned at, [468].
• Beddoe, Dr. John, [493].
• Bede, the Venerable, [82], [85], [86], [88] n., [90], [114], [117] n., [120], [125], [133], [141] n., [156], [187], [189], [237–240], [497].
• Bedford (Bedcanford), [92], [323].
• Belgæ, a British tribe, [10], [91].
• Belisarius, scoffing allusion to Britain, [113].
• Benedict Biscop, [237], [238].
• Benedictines, [115], [148], [155], [195], [354].
• Benedict III., Pope, [269].
• Benfleet (Beamfleot), Danish fort at, [309].
• Bensington, Offa’s victory over Wessex at, [250].
• Beorn, son of Ulf, [448], [450], [451].
• Beorthelm, Archbishop, [352].
• Beorhtric, King of Wessex, [254].
• Beornwulf usurps the throne of Wessex, [264].
• Beowulf, poem of, [228].
• Bericus, an exiled British prince, [30].
• Berkshire, the wood of Berroc, [272].
• Bernhaeth, a leader of the Picts, [191].
• Bernicia, kingdom of, [80], [94], [130–132], [134], [137], [160], [171], [179], [247], [281], [332], [408], [422].
• Bertha, daughter of Charlemagne, negotiations for her marriage with Ecgferth, son of Offa, [252].
• Bertha, wife of Ethelbert of Kent, [117], [121], [127], [139].
• Berthfrid, regent of Bernicia, besieged in Bamburgh, [210].
• Bertwald, Archbishop of Canterbury, [211], [219].
• Bewcastle Cross, [172].
• Bideford Bay, Danes defeated at, [284].
• Billingsley, conference at, [466].
• Birinus, apostle of Wessex, [158], [161], [162], [179].
• Birch, Cartularium Saxonicum, [338] n., [508].
• Blois, Counts of, [370].
• Boadicea (Boudicca), Queen of the Iceni, [40], [42], [43].
• Boduni, a British tribe, [31].
• Boethius’ Consolation of Philosophy, translated by Alfred, [296], [297].
• Boniface, Archdeacon, Wilfrid’s teacher, [184].
• Boniface (Wynfrith), apostle of the Germans, [203], [236], [237], [248], [250], [498].
• Boniface V., Pope, [141].
• “Bookland,” [304].
• Border of Scotland fixed, [409].
• Borh, association, [439].
• Bosham, [450], [455], [468].
• Bothgowanan, Duncan murdered at, [462].
• Boulogne (Gesoriacum), [23], [64], [65], [67], [307], [418].
• Bovate or oxgang, [223].
• Brachy-cephalic or square-headed race, [7].
• Bradford-on-Avon (Bradanford), Cenwalh defeats “Walas” at, [178].
• Brandon Camp, perhaps the work of Ostorius, [35].
• Brecon stormed by the English, [322].
• Brentford (Bregentford), Danes defeated at, [396].
• Bretwaldas or Brytenwealdas, [126], [138], [157].
• Bridgnorth (Brycg), Danish “work” at, [311];
• Saxon “burh” at, [321].
• Brigantes, a British tribe, [35], [36], [46], [48].
• Bright, Dr., referred to, [188] n., [211], [507].
• Brihtnoth, hero of Maldon, [362], [378], [379].
• Brihtric, brother of Edric Streona, [388], [389].
• Bristol, [455], [467].
• Britain, Cæsar’s description of, [19].
• Britannia, Roman Diocese of, [70], [132].
• British coinage, [20].
• Brittany, [83], [106], [469], [475].
• Brochmail, a British king, [135].
• Bromesberrow, fortress built by Ethelfled, [321].
• Bromnis, royal city of, [204].
• Bronze Age, [5].
• Bruce, Dr., historian of the Roman wall, [55].
• Brude, a Pictish king, [148].
• Brunanburh (? Burnswark), battle of, [334–337].
• Brut, a fictitious king, [101] n., [105].
• Brut-y-Saesson, [506].
• Brut-y-Tywysogion, Welsh Chronicle quoted, [153], [357], [506].
• Bryhtwine, Bishop of Sherborne, [405].
• Brythons, [6], [108].
• Buckingham (Buccingaham), King of Scots at, [337].
• Bunbury, Mr., on Pytheas, [8].
• Burford, Mercians defeated at, [249].
• “Burg-ware,” [310], [311].
• Burh, Burg, Borough, [429–432];
• Burh-bryce, [430];
• burhs founded by Ethelfled and Edward, [431];
• Burh-gemôt, [429].
• Burhred, King of Mercia, [267], [276], [281].
• Bury St. Edmund’s (Beadoricesworth), abbey of, [277], [278], [393], [405].
• Butse-carlas, common sailors, [458], [477].
• Buttington, Danes defeated at, [310].
• Cadwalla, King of Wessex, [178], [214–216].
• Cadwallader the Blessed, [153].
• Cadwallon, King of Gwynedd, [144], [145], [151], [153], [154], [160].
• Cadvan, a Welsh king, [136], [144].
• Caedmon, a Northumbrian poet, [180], [240].
• Caer Caradoc, Caratacus defeated at, [35].
• Caerleon-upon-Usk (Isca), [41], [42], [55], [71], [74], [357].
• Cæsar, Gaius Julius, [9], [494];
• first invasion of Britain, [11–16];
• second invasion, [16–19];
• description of Britain, [19], [20];
• points of arrival and departure in expeditions to Britain, [23], [24].
• Caledonia, [60], [79], [132], [134].
• Caligula’s pretended conquest of Britain, [28].
• Calne, floor collapses at, [362].
• Cambridge (Grantanbrycg), Danes at, [281], [283].
• Camulodunum, a Roman colony, [28], [32], [39], [41], [76].
• Camulus, a Celtic war-god, [39].
• Caninus, British king, [99].
• Canonici, hybrid order of, [353], [355].
• Canute, King of England (1016–1035), lands with father, Sweyn, [391];
• mutilates hostages at Sandwich, [394];
• ruler of Wessex, [396];
• victory at Assandune, peace with Edmund Ironside and Danish occupation of London, [397];
• executes Edric Streona, [401];
• marries Emma of Normandy, [402];
• dismisses “the army,” [404];
• pilgrimage to Rome, [410];
• two expeditions to Norway, [412–415];
• death and burial, [416], [417], [420];
• laws of, [429], [434], [436], [439], [440].
• Canterbury (Durovernis, Cantwaraburh), [92], [118], [119], [122], [196], [267], [355], [389], [405], [453].
• Cantii, a British tribe, [10].
• Caracalla, [60–62].
• Caradoc of South Wales, [467].
• Caratacus, [29], [31], [33], [34];
• defeated by Ostorius, [35], [36];
• betrayed by Cartimandua and taken to Rome, [36].
• Carausius, Count of the Saxon shore, [64];
• Emperor of Britain and slain by Allectus, [65].
• Carham, English defeated at, [408], [461].
• Carisbrook (Wihtgarasburh), [91].
• Carlisle (Luguvallium), [207], [208], [282], [334].
• Cartimandua, Queen of the Brigantes, [36], [37].
• Carucate, defined, [222].
• Cassiterides or Tin Islands, [8].
• Cassivelaunus, a British chief, [17–19].
• Castra Legionis (Chester or Leicester), [104].
• Catgabail, a British king, [170].
• Catterick (Cataractonium), [143], [167], [247], [248].
• Catus Decianus, Roman procurator, [39], [41].
• Catuvellauni, a British tribe, [31], [32], [58].
• Ceadda. See [St. Chad].
• Ceawlin, King of Wessex, [92], [93], [107], [108], [117], [126], [140].
• Cedd, a missionary, [175], [186], [188].
• Cedred, King of Mercia, [216].
• Celestine, Pope, [84].
• Celtic gods, [39], [40] n., [75].
• Celtic words in English, [111].
• Celts, [5].
• Cenred, father of King Ine, [219].
• Centwine, King of Wessex, [204].
• Cenwalh, King of Wessex, [162], [163], [177], [178], [180].
• Cenwulf, King of Mercia, [251], [253], [263].
• Ceol, brother of Ceawlin, [92].
• Ceolfrid, Abbot, [189], [238].
• Ceolred, King of Mercia, [212], [248].
• Ceolric, brother of Ceawlin, [92], [93].
• Ceolwulf, King of Northumbria, [245].
• Ceolwulf, King of Wessex, [93].
• Ceolwulf, puppet-king of Mercia, [281].
• Ceorl, his holding of land, [223];
• a twy-hynd man, [228];
• gradual descent in the social scale, [441].
• Cerdic, founder of Wessex, [90], [91], [178].
• Cerdic, house of, its decay, [374], [461], [474].
• Cerdices ora, [90].
• Ceretic, an interpreter, [103].
• Chadwick, H. M., [230] n., [231] n., [232] n., [288] n., [428] n., [508].
• Champart, Robert, Abbot of Jumièges, Archbishop of Canterbury, [452–454], [457], [459].
• Charford (Cerdicesford), Cerdic defeats Britons at, [91].
• Chariots of the Britons, [15].
• Charlemagne, or Charles the Great, [251], [252], [255], [258], [259], [263], [290], [444], [445].
• Charles the Bald, King of the Franks, [268], [270], [370].
• Charles the Fat (do.), [258], [306], [367].
• Charles the Simple (do.), [330], [368].
• Charmouth (Carrum), battles with Danes at, [265], [266].
• Cheddar, King Edmund’s escape from death at, [347].
• Chelsea (Cealchyth), the contentious synod at, [250].
• Chertsey (Ceortesig) monastery purged, [355].
• Chester (Deva, Laegeceaster), [37], [41], [125], [135], [138], [144], [153], [310], [321], [356].
• Chesterford, Danes defeat Edred at, [342].
• Chester-le-Street (Cuncacestre), [282], [333], [406].
• Chichester (Cisseceaster), on site of Regnum, [90], [310].
• Chirk (Cyric), Ethelfled builds a fortress at, [321].
• Chippenham, royal villa at, [283], [285].
• Christianity in Roman Britain, [75], [76].
• Chronicle of St. Neot’s, [284] n., [501].
• Chrodegang, Archbishop of Metz, [353].
• Cirencester (Corinium, Cyrenceaster), [92], [161], [285].
• Cissa, King of Sussex, [89], [90], [110].
• Classicianus, Julius, Roman procurator, [44].
• Claudian, poet, [496].
• Claudius, Emperor, sends Aulus Plautius to Britain, [29], [31], [32].
• Cledemutha (mouth of river Cleddau), Saxon burh at, [323].
• Cluny, monastery of, [354].
• Clyde, Firth of, [50], [58].
• Codex Amiatinus, taken by Abbot Ceolfrid to Rome, [238].
• Coelius Roscius, legatus of twentieth legion, [45].
• Coenred represents Theodore at Rome, [203].
• Cogidubnus, inscription at Chichester about, [33].
• Coifi, a pagan priest, [141], [142], [151].
• Coinmail, a British king, [92].
• Coins, Macedonian, imitated by Britons, [20];
• of British chiefs, [26], [27];
• of Carausius, [65].
• Colchester, [76], [323].
• See also [Camulodunum].
• Coldingham, monastery of, [199].
• Colman, Bishop of Lindisfarne, [182–187].
• Coloniæ, Roman, [76], [98].
• Colne, river, Hertfordshire, [308].
• Columba. See [Saint Columba].
• Comes Britanniæ, [70].
• Commius, King of the Atrebates, sent by Cæsar to Britain, [10];
• imprisoned by Britons, [10–14];
• attempted assassination by Labienus, [25], [26];
• submits to Mark Antony, [26].
• Commius coins money in Britain, [26].
• Compurgation, [226].
• Condidan, a British king, [92].
• Conrad II., Emperor, [410].
• Constans I., Emperor, [68].
• Constans II., Emperor, [195].
• Constantine, Emperor, [67], [121].
• Constantine, British king, [99].
• Constantine, usurper, [72], [95].
• Constantine II., Scottish king, [327], [333], [337].
• Constantius, a presbyter, [83], [496].
• Constantius Chlorus, Emperor, [64–67].
• Coote, H. C., [508].
• Corbett, W. J., [428] n.
• Corbridge (Corstopitum), [247], [248].
• Corfe, murder of Edward the Martyr at, [363].
• Cornwall. See [West Wales].
• Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, [495].
• Cosham, Ethelred the Redeless sick at, [395].
• Cotsetla (cottager), [437].
• Counties of England, formation of, [432], [433].
• Coventina, goddess, [56].
• Crayford (Crecganford), Britons defeated at, [89].
• Cricklade (Cricgelad), Danes at, [320].
• Crida, death of, [93].
• Crowland or Croyland, sanctuary of, [248].
• Cuichelm, West Saxon prince, death of, [93].
• Cumberland (see also [Strathclyde]), [6], [108], [317], [341], [356], [385].
• Cunedag, King of North Wales, [102], [131].
• Cuneglas, a British king, [99].
• Cunobelinus (Cymbeline), a British king, [25], [28], [29], [32].
• Cutha, son of Cynric, [92], [93].
• Cuthbert. See [St. Cuthbert].
• Cuthred, kinsman of Cynegils of Wessex, [177].
• Cuthred II., of Wessex, [247].
• Cuthwine, brother of Ceawlin, [92].
• Cwichelm, King of Wessex, [140], [161].
• Cymbeline. See [Cunobelinus].
• Cymenesora, [89].
• Cymri, [6], [63], [93], [253], [267], [357], [408].
• Cyneberct, Abbot, [215].
• Cyneburga, daughter of Penda, [168], [172].
• Cynegils, King of the West Saxons, [140], [158], [161], [162], [177], [179].
• Cyneheard the Etheling, [253].
• Cyneswitha, name on Bewcastle Cross, [172].
• Cynewulf, King of Wessex, [253].
• Cynewulf, Saxon poet, [242].
• Cynewulf the Etheling, [217].
• Cynric, King of Wessex, [90–92], [100].
• Cynuit, fort at, [284].
• Dalfinus, of Lyons, [184] n.
• Dalriada, kingdom of, [134], [146], [148], [158].
• Danegeld, [381];
• table of payments of, [382];
• of Harthacnut, [421].
• See [446].
• Danelaw, [287], [309–311], [315–317].
• Danes, [257–262], [275–285];
• table of ravages of (982–1016), [376–378].
• Danish Here or Army, [261], [306], [321], [404].
• Danish pre-eminence in Ireland, [332].
• Dawkins, Professor Boyd, [493].
• Dawston Rigg (Degsastan), Aidan defeated by Ethelfrid at, [134].
• Deal, Cæsar’s landing-place? 23, [24].
• Decangi, a Welsh tribe, [35].
• Decurio, title of, [76].
• Deira, kingdom of, [80], [94], [115], [130–133], [137], [138], [160], [171], [180], [276], [401].
• Deorham, Ceawlin defeats Britons at, [92], [107].
• Denisesburn. See [Heavenfield].
• Denmark, early history of, [371], [417], [418], [444], [445].
• Derby (Deoraby), [316], [322], [340].
• Derwent in Yorkshire, [140], [141], [480].
• Derwentwater, St. Herbert’s Isle, in, [208].
• Deusdedit, Archbishop, [188].
• Diarmid, King of Leinster, [455].
• Didius Gallus, Roman governor of Britain, [37].
• Diocletian, Emperor, [63];
• his prefectures and dioceses, [64];
• abdicates, [67].
• Dion Cassius referred to, [27] n., [30], [37], [40], [43], [52], [59], [494].
• Dive, Louis IV. defeated at the, [369];
• William’s fleet at, [482].
• Dolicho-cephalic or long-headed race, [7].
• Donation of Ethelwulf, [268].
• Dorchester in Dorset, [257].
• Dorchester in Oxfordshire, [162], [182], [343].
• Dore, conference at, [264].
• Dover (Dofere), [23], [24], [453], [469].
• Druids, [5], [10], [38].
• Dublin, [332], [341], [464].
• Dubnovellaunus, a British king, [26], [27].
• Dumbarton or Alclyde, [130], [246].
• Dunbar (Dynbaer), [204].
• Duncan, grandson of Malcolm II., [409], [462], [463].
• Dunstan, Lives of, by various authors, [501].
• Dunstan. See [St. Dunstan].
• Dunwich, bishopric founded, [163].
• Durham (Dunhelm), St. Cuthbert’s body rests at, [407];
• Malcolm II. defeated at, [407];
• Duncan defeated at, [462].
• Durovernis. See [Canterbury].
• Duumvir, title of, [76].
• Dux Britanniarum, [70], [138].
• Dyved, South Wales, [464].
• Eadbald, King of Kent, [127], [128], [139].
• Eadbert, King of Northumbria, [245], [246].
• Eadburh, daughter of Offa, wife of Beorhtric, [255], [256].
• Eadhelm, Abbot, murdered, [343].
• Eadhilda, daughter of Edward the Elder, marries Hugh the Great, [330].
• Eadmer, a monk, [407].
• Eadsige, Archbishop of Canterbury, [452].
• Eadulf, usurper, [210].
• Eadwulf Cutel, [408], [409].
• Eadwulf, nephew of Eadwulf Cutel, [422].
• Ealdbert rebels, [217].
• Ealdorman, office of, [90], [229], [268], [434–435].
• Ealdred (or Eldred), Bishop of Worcester, afterwards Archbishop of York, [451], [455], [466].
• Ealdred, son of Eardulf, [333].
• Ealhmund, King of Kent, [254].
• Ealhstan, Bishop of Sherborne, [289].
• Ealhswith, wife of King Alfred, [289].
• Eanfled, daughter of Edwin, [140], [145], [165], [167], [181], [182].
• Eanfrid, King of Bernicia, [151].
• Eanred, King of Northumbria, [264].
• Eardulf, Bishop, [282].
• Eardulf, King of Northumbria, [248].
• Eardulf of Bamburgh, [333].
• Earl and ealdorman, [434], [435].
• Earle, John, [221] n., [306] n.;
• land charters, [508].
• Earpwald, King of East Anglia, [163].
• East Anglia, [80], [126], [136], [139], [140], [158], [162–164], [174], [179], [324], [351], [448], [484].
• Easter, debates on true date of, [123], [179], [180–188].
• East Saxons, kingdom of, [80], [122], [127], [174–176], [180], [324].
• Eata, Bishop of Hexham, [184], [205], [207].
• Ebba, aunt of Egfrid, [199], [204].
• Ebbs-fleet (Ypwines-fleot), Hengest lands at, [88].
• Ebissa, a Jutish chief, [103], [131].
• Ebroin, Frankish mayor of the palace, [196].
• Eburacum (see also [York]), [46], [48], [54], [55], [62], [67], [94], [121], [138], [144], [247].
• Ecclesiastical History, Bede’s, [85], [86], [115–213] (passim), [295].
• Ecgferth, son of Offa, [252], [253].
• Ecgfrida, wife of Uhtred, [407].
• Edbert Pren, King of Kent, [253].
• Eddisbury, “burh” built at, [321].
• Eddius’ Life of Wilfrid, [203], [497], [498].
• Edgar Etheling, grandson of Edmund Ironside, [474].
• Edgar, the Peaceful, King of England (959–975), previously King of Mercia and East Anglia, [344], [351], [352];
• monastic reforms, [353–356];
• crowned at Bath (973), and rowed by eight kings on the Dee, [356];
• marries Elfrida, death and burial, [359].
• Edgitha, daughter of Edward the Elder, marries the German Otto, [331].
• Edgiva, daughter of Edward the Elder, marries Charles the Simple, [330].
• Edgiva, Abbess of Leominster, [449], [465].
• Edgiva, queen of Edward the Elder, [339], [348], [351], [352].
• Edinburgh, [140], [407].
• Edith, daughter of Godwine, wife of Edward the Confessor, [443], [455], [470], [484].
• Edith, daughter of King Edgar, [358].
• Edith with the swan’s neck, Harold’s lady-love, [490].
• Edmund Ironside, king (1016), son of Ethelred the Redeless, his battles with the Danes, [395], [396];
• recalls Edric Streona, defeated at Assandune, [397];
• conference with Canute at Olney, death, [397];
• suggestions of foul play in his death, [397], [405], [406].
• Edmund, King of East Anglia. See [St. Edmund].
• Edmund, King of the English (940–946), son of Edward the Elder, at Brunanburh, [333];
• delivers the Five Boroughs from the Northmen, [340];
• ravages Cumberland, [317], [341];
• his relations with Malcolm I., [341];
• assassinated by Liofa at Pucklechurch and buried at Glastonbury, [339].
• Edmund, son of Edmund Ironside, [399].
• Edred, Abbot, [282].
• Edred, King of the English (946–955), crowned at Kingston-on-Thames, [339];
• his bad health, [339];
• subdues Northumbria, [341], [342];
• English defeated at Chesterford, [342];
• revenges the murder of Abbot Eadhelm at Thetford, [343];
• death at Frome and burial at Winchester, [343].
• Edric Streona, traitorous ealdorman, [388], [389], [394–398], [401].
• Edward, son of Edmund Ironside, [399], [461].
• Edward the Elder, son of Alfred, King of the West Saxons (900–924?), childhood, [289];
• accession, [318];
• suppresses rebellion of Ethelwald, [320];
• wars with the Danes, [320–324];
• builds fortresses in the Midlands, [323], [324];
• alleged supremacy over Scotland, [325–328];
• dies, [328];
• laws of, [437] n.
• Edward the Confessor (1042–1066), [386], [392], [393], [422], [423];
• son of Ethelred the Redeless, crowned at Winchester, [442];
• harsh treatment of his mother, [442];
• founds Westminster Abbey, [446];
• his Norman favourites, [451–453];
• fall of Godwine, [455];
• visit of William the Norman, [456], [457];
• return of Godwine, [458], [459];
• Scotch affairs, [461–463];
• Welsh affairs, [464–467];
• visit of Harold Godwineson to Normandy, [468], [469];
• Tostig outlawed, [470], [471];
• death at Westminster, [472];
• bequeathed crown to Harold, [473].
• Edward the Martyr, son of King Edgar (975–978), crowned by Dunstan, [360];
• murdered at Corfe, [363];
• buried at Shaftesbury, [364].
• Edwin, brother of Leofric, [464].
• Edwin, half-brother of Athelstan, drowned, [337].
• Edwin of Deira, [126], [135–144], [154].
• Edwin, son of Elfgar, Earl of Mercia, [470], [477], [479], [484].
• Edwy or Eadwig, King of the English (955–959), son of King Edmund, [344];
• scene at his coronation, [349];
• his lavish generosity, [350];
• marries Elfgiva, [351];
• kingdom divided with brother Edgar, [351];
• death, [352].
• Edwy, “King of the Ceorls,” [399].
• Edwy, son of Ethelred the Redeless, [399], [402].
• Egbert, puppet-king of Bernicia, [281].
• Egbert, Archbishop of York, brother of King Eadbert, [243], [245], [246].
• Egbert, King of Kent, [195], [196].
• Egbert, King of the West Saxons (802–839), early history and exile, [254], [255];
• accession, [263];
• overruns Cornwall, [263];
• victory over Mercia, [264];
• supremacy acknowledged by Northumbria, [264];
• battles with the Danes, [265];
• death, [265].
• Egbert’s Stone, [284].
• Egfrid, son of Oswy, [169], [172], [173], [190–193].
• Egric, King of East Anglia, [164].
• Egwinna, mother of Athelstan, [329].
• Eleutherus, Pope, [76].
• Elfgar, son of Elfric, [383].
• Elfgar, son of Leofric, [460], [465–467], [480].
• Elfgiva or Elfgyfu, daughter of Ethelgiva, wife of King Edwy, [344], [349–351].
• Elfgiva, daughter of Edward the Elder, [331].
• Elfheah, Archbishop. See [Alphege].
• Elfhelm, father of Elgiva of Northampton, [417].
• Elfhelm, Ealdorman of Northumbria, murdered by Edric Streona, [388].
• Elfhere, Ealdorman of Mercia, leader of anti-monastic party, [360], [361], [364].
• Elfleda, daughter of Offa, wife of Ethelred, King of Northumbria, [248].
• Elfleda or Ethelfleda, daughter of Oswy, [180], [211].
• Elfmaer, Abbot of St. Augustine’s, Canterbury, [389].
• Elfnoth, Sheriff, slain in battle with the Welsh, [466].
• Elfnoth, squire to Brihtnoth, [379].
• Elfric, traitorous ealdorman, [383], [388], [397], [398].
• Elfric, ecclesiastical author, [357] n., [358], [491].
• Elfric, father of Osric of Deira, [151].
• Elfrida or Elfthryth, wife of King Edgar, [359], [360], [363].
• Elfrida, wife of Baldwin II. of Flanders, [289].
• Elfsige, Archbishop of Canterbury, [352].
• Elfweard, son of Edward the Elder, [328], [329].
• Elfwen, wife of half-king Athelstan, [352].
• Elfwine at Maldon, [380].
• Elfwyn, daughter of Ethelfled of Mercia, [323].
• Elgiva or Aelgyfu, a name given to Queen Emma, [386].
• Elgiva, wife of King Edmund, [338].
• Elgiva of Northampton, wife of Canute, [416], [417].
• Ellandune, battle of, [264].
• Ella, King of Northumbria, [276].
• Elmet or Loidis, kingdom of, [131], [138].
• Elphege, Bishop of Winchester, [346].
• Elwin, cousin of Athelstan, fell at Brunanburh, [336].
• Ely, monastery at Isle of, [199], [355], [419].
• Emma, wife of Ethelred II. and Canute, [386], [392], [402], [405], [416], [418], [420], [421], [442], [443], [457].
• Emma, sister of Hugh Capet, [370].
• Emmet in Holderness, peace of, [333].
• Encomium Emmæ, [420], [505].
• Englefield, Danes defeated at, [278].
• Eobba of Bernicia, “the great burner of towns,” [132].
• Eoforwic. See [York].
• Eomer, an assassin, [140].
• Eosterwine, coadjutor-abbot, [188].
• Ephemeris Epigraphica, [496].
• Epiton, one name of site of “battle of Hastings,” [485].
• Eppillus, a British king, [26].
• Erconbert, King of Kent, [176], [183], [188].
• Erconwald, Bishop, [216], [219].
• Eric Blood-axe, under-king of Northumbria, [341], [342].
• Eric or Yric, Earl of Deira, [401], [408].
• Eric, son of Harold Blue-Tooth, [342].
• Ermenburga, wife of King Egfrid, persistent enemy of Wilfrid, [199], [201], [203], [207], [208].
• Erming Street, [74].
• Esnes or theows, [225], [303].
• Essex. See [East Saxons].
• Estrith, sister of Canute, [444].
• Ethandune, Danes defeated at, [285].
• Ethelbald, King of Mercia, [248], [249].
• Ethelbald, son of Ethelwulf, King of the West Saxons (856–860), fought at Ockley, [267];
• rebels against his father, [270];
• marries Judith, his father’s widow, [274];
• dies, [274].
• Ethelbert, King of East Anglia, [251].
• Ethelbert, first Christian King of Kent, [92], [97], [117], [122], [125], [126], [127], [139];
• his “dooms,” [218].
• Ethelbert, son of Ethelwulf, King of the West Saxons (860–866), [274], [275].
• Ethelburga, a Kentish princess, wife of Edwin of Deira, [139], [145].
• Ethelburga, wife of Ine, [217].
• Etheldreda, wife of King Egfrid, [199].
• Ethelfled, daughter of Alfred, Lady of the Mercians, [289], [321], [322], [329].
• Ethelfled, patroness of Dunstan, [346].
• Ethelfled the Fair, wife of King Edgar, [359].
• Ethelfrid or Ethelfrith of Bernicia, [94], [115], [133–138].
• Ethelgiva, daughter of Alfred, abbess of Shaftesbury, [289].
• Ethelgiva, mother-in-law of Edwy, [349–351].
• Ethelheard, King of Wessex, [217].
• Ethelhere, under-king of East Anglia, [169], [170].
• Ethelmaer the Fat, [402].
• Ethelnoth, Archbishop of Canterbury, [405], [406], [420].
• Ethelnoth, ealdorman of Somerset, [284].
• Ethelred, ealdorman of Mercia, [289], [308].
• Ethelred, ealdorman of the Gaini, [289].
• Ethelred of Mercia, [173], [191], [204].
• Ethelred, son of Ethelwulf (866–871), accession, [275];
• wars with the Danes, [276], [278–280];
• battle of Ashdown, [279];
• death, [280].
• Ethelred II., the Redeless, King of England (978–1016), [317], [328];
• son of King Edgar, crowned at Kingston-on-Thames, [365];
• Danish invasions, [375–396];
• Ethelred harries Cumberland, [385];
• marries Emma of Normandy, [386];
• massacre of St. Brice’s Day, [386], [387];
• Sweyn and Canute invade England, [391];
• London submits, [392];
• king escapes to Normandy, [392];
• recalled, [383];
• dies at London, [396].
• Ethelred, son of Ethelwald Moll, usurper in Northumbria, [247], [255].
• Ethelric, King of Bernicia and Deira, [94], [133].
• Ethelsin, evil counsellor of Ethelred, [365].
• Ethelwald Moll, usurper in Northumbria, [247].
• Ethelwald, son of Oswald, [169], [170], [171].
• Ethelwald, son of Ethelred I., rebels against Edward the Elder, [319].
• Ethelwalh, King of Sussex, [174], [204], [215].
• Ethelweard, the historian, [257], [334], [384], [501].
• Ethelweard, grandson of the historian, [402].
• Ethelweard, son of Alfred, [290].
• Ethelwin, cousin of Athelstan, fell at Brunanburh, [336].
• Ethelwin, officer of Oswy, [167].
• Ethelwin, son of half-king Athelstan, [361].
• Ethelwold, Bishop of Winchester, [354], [355], [361].
• Ethelwold, son of half-king Athelstan, husband of Elfrida, [359].
• Ethelwulf, ealdorman of Berkshire, [278], [279].
• Ethelwulf, King of the West Saxons (839–858), son of Egbert, under-king of Kent, [264];
• succeeds his father in Wessex, [265];
• his two counsellors Swithun and Ealhstan, [266];
• victory over the Danes at Ockley, [267];
• helps Mercia against the Welsh, [267];
• gives tithe to the Church, [268];
• journey to Rome, [268–270];
• marriage to Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald, [270];
• his will and death, [271].
• Etherius, Archbishop of Arles, [116].
• Etocetum, station on the Watling Street, [73].
• Eudoces, possibly Jutes, [80].
• Eugenius, King of Strathclyde, [333].
• Eugenius the Bald, King of Strathclyde, [408].
• Eumenius, panegyrist, [65], [495].
• Eustace, Count of Boulogne, [452], [453], [487], [489], [490].
• Evans, Sir John, on British coins, [25].
• Exeter (Isca Damnoniorum, Exanceaster), [74], [283], [326].
• Exmouth (Exanmutha), Beorn buried at, [451].
• Farinmail, a British king, [92].
• Farndon (Farndune), near Newark, Edward the Elder dies at, [328].
• Farne Islands, [154], [168], [206].
• Farnham, Danes defeated at, [308].
• Felix, Bishop of Dunwich, [163], [174].
• Fergna, Abbot of Iona, [150].
• Fethan-lea, battle of, [93].
• Finan of Lindisfarne, [169], [175], [182].
• Fitz Osbern, William, [475], [487].
• Five Boroughs, the, [316], [391], [394], [431].
• Flatholme, Island of (Brada Relice), Danes take refuge at, [321].
• Fleet, built by Alfred, [312]; by Ethelred II., [387].
• Florence of Worcester, historian, [105], [277] n., [314], [333], [334], [354], [356], [357], [400], [484], [501], [502].
• Fædus Anglorum et Danorum, [381] n.
• Folkland, [303], [304].
• Fordheri, soldier of Edwin, stabbed, [140].
• Ford of the Cross, battle of, [464].
• Forth, Firth of, [49], [50], [58], [102], [132], [154], [157], [477], [479].
• Fosse Way, [74].
• Freeman, E. A., on virtual extermination of Britons, [110], [111];
• on capture of York, [138];
• on alleged English supremacy over Scotland, [325]. Also quoted, [161], [262], [325] n., [337] n., [383] n., [401] n., [402] n., [403] n., [420] n., [433] n., [448] n., [475], [507].
• Frisian Sea (Firth of Forth?), [103].
• Frisians in the Border country, [131].
• Frome, King Edred dies at, [343].
• Frome mouth of, Danish raid, [381].
• Frontinus, Julius, Roman governor of Britain, [46].
• Fulford, English defeated at, [479], [481], [484].
• Fursa, an Irish monk, missionary to East Anglia, [163], [174].
• Fyrd, or national militia, [223], [229], [261] n., [268], [302], [320], [376], [389], [396], [486], [489].
• Gabhran, Dalriadic king, [148].
• Gaels, [6].
• Gafolgelders, or rent payers, [226], [228].
• Gafol, tribute paid to Danes, [376], [381].
• Gaimar, Geoffrey, [295], [334], [359], [503].
• Gainsborough, death of Sweyn, [493].
• Galerius, Augustus, [67].
• Galgacus, Caledonian chief, [50].
• Gebur, [436].
• Gedael land, [221].
• Geikie, Professor, [3] n., [4] n.
• Gemot, meeting, [302].
• Genealogies of the kings, Nennius, [101].
• Geneat, king’s retainer, [229], [230], [313], [436], [437].
• Geoffrey of Monmouth, [28], [105].
• Geraint, Welsh king, [216].
• Germanus. See [St. Germanus].
• Gesithcund, comrades of the king, [228].
• Geta, son of Emperor Severus, [60], [62].
• Geteama, a warranter, [438].
• Gewissas, or men of Wessex, [128], [215].
• Gildas, Welsh ecclesiastic, author of Liber Querulus, [86], [95–100], [144], [496].
• Gilling, near Richmond, Oswin murdered at, [167].
• Glastonbury (Glaestingaburh), [178], [339], [344], [347], [359], [397], [406].
• Gloucester (Gleawanceaster), [76], [92], [322], [454], [466].
• Godiva, sister of Edward the Confessor, [452].
• Godiva, wife of Leofric, [447], [448], [465].
• Godric, his cowardice at battle of Maldon, [380].
• Godwine, son of Wulfnoth, ancestry, [403];
• made Earl of Wessex, [404];
• supports Harthacnut, [417], [418];
• supports Harold Harefoot and slays Alfred, son of Ethelred, [418], [419];
• his family, [447–451];
• opposes Norman influence, [451–454];
• exiled with family, [455];
• restored, [459];
• death and burial at Winchester, [460].
• Goidels, [6], [108].
• Goodmanham, site of heathen temple, [142].
• Gorm the Old, King of Denmark, [371], [413], [474].
• Gratian, a British usurper of Empire, [72].
• Gratian, Emperor, [68], [69].
• Green, J. R., [404] n., [507].
• Greenwell, Dr., on British barrows, [7], [493].
• Greenwich (Grenawic), [390], [394], [395].
• Gregory I., Pope, sends Augustine to convert the English, [114], [115], [120], [121], [139].
• Griffith ap Llewelyn, King of Wales, [464–466], [472].
• Griffith, son of Rhyddarch, revolts against the preceding, [465].
• Grimbald, Abbot, friend of Alfred, [291], [292], [304].
• Guaul, or Roman Wall, [103].
• Guest, Dr., on Cæsar’s landing-place, [24];
• on Fethan-lea, [93].
• Gross, Dr. Charles, The Sources and Literature of English History, [508].
• Guildford (Gyldeford), the Etheling Alfred arrested at, [419], [420].
• Guinnion, castle of, scene of one of Arthur’s battles, [104].
• Gunhild, daughter of Canute, wife of Emperor Henry III., [412], [416].
• Gunnor, wife of Richard, Duke of Normandy, [370].
• Guoyrancgon, King of Kent, [103].
• Guthfred, a later King of Northumbria, [332].
• Guthlac, hermit of Crowland, [249].
• Guthred, converted Danish chief, [282].
• Guthrum, Danish chief, Alfred’s foe, [283–287].
• Gwent, part of South Wales (Glamorgan and Monmouth), [333].
• Gwynedd (North Wales), [102], [321], [464].
• Gybmund, Bishop of Rochester, [219].
• Gyda, wife of Harold Fair-hair, [372].
• Gyrth, son of Godwine, [404], [444], [482], [484], [486], [488].
• Gyrwas, tribe in the Fens, [433].
• Gytha, wife of Godwine, [404], [444], [490].
• Haddan and Stubbs’s Councils, [508].
• Hadrian, Abbot of St. Augustine’s, Canterbury, [195], [196], [241].
• Hadrian, Emperor, builder of the Roman Wall, [53].
• Hadrian I., Pope, [251].
• Hakon the Good, King of Norway, reared in England, [331], [332], [372].
• Halfdene, a Danish king, [279], [281].
• Hallelujah battle, [84].
• Harold, a Scandinavian chief, [369].
• Harold Blue-Tooth, King of Denmark, [371], [474].
• Harold, brother of Canute, [404].
• Harold Hardrada, King of Norway, [445], [477–481], [484].
• Harold Harefoot, son of Canute, King of England, [416–421].
• Harold II., son of Godwine, Earl of East Angles, [448];
• intercedes for Sweyn, [450];
• exiled with family, [455];
• in Ireland, [458];
• becomes Earl of Wessex, [460];
• real ruler of England, [461], [465];
• wars with Elfgar and the Welsh, [466], [467];
• visit to Normandy, and oath to William, [468–470];
• crowned king, [473], [474];
• defeats Tostig and Harold Hardrada at Stamford Bridge, [481];
• visits Waltham, [484];
• collects army near Battle, [485];
• battle of Hastings, [487–490];
• death, [482], [489], [490];
• burial at Waltham, [490].
• Harold the Fair-haired, King of Norway, [331], [372].
• Harthacnut, son of Canute, King of England, [402], [405], [416–418], [420–423], [450].
• Hartlepool (Heruteu), Hilda’s convent at, [180].
• Hasting or Haesten, Danish chief, [308], [509] n.
• Hastings, battle of, [485–490].
• Hastings, port, [458], [482], [484].
• Hatfield. See [Heathfield].
• Haverfield, F., [70] n., [75] n., [77] n., [507].
• Heathfield, battle of, [144], [150], [151].
• Heavenfield, or Denisesburn, battle of, [151–154], [157].
• Hedde, Bishop of Winchester, [219].
• Heimskringla, the, [260], [338], [372], [385], [409], [480] n., [504].
• Helena, mother of Constantine, [66], [121].
• Hengest, King of Kent, [86], [88], [89], [91], [102–104], [132].
• Henry Beauclerk, [289], [314], [463].
• Henry of Huntingdon, [105], [337], [360], [386], [415], [503].
• Henry III., emperor, marries Gunhild, [412].
• Heptarchy, [231], [288].
• Herbert. See [St. Herbert].
• Here or army, Danish, [261], [306], [312], [321], [323].
• Hereford, [465], [466].
• Here-gyld, or war tax, [446].
• Herleva, mother of William the Norman, [456].
• Herodian, Greek historian, [495].
• Hertford (Heorotford), [323].
• Hexham (Hagustald), [62], [64], [195], [199], [209].
• Hiberni, [97].
• Hide of land, [148], [222].
• Hilda, Abbess of Whitby, [180].
• Hildebrand, Pope, [353], [476].
• Hingston Down (Hengestdune), battle of, [265].
• Historia Augusta, [494].
• Historia Brittonum, of Nennius, [101], [132].
• Hlothere’s and Eadric’s dooms, [218].
• Hoar Apple Tree, Harold II. at, [482], [485].
• Hold, a Danish title, [436].
• Holy Island, or Lindisfarne, [154], [155], [158], [182], [183], [188], [205], [207], [246], [258], [282].
• Holy River, Canute defeated at, [413].
• Holy Rood, Cynewulf’s poem on, [242], [243].
• Honorius, Emperor, [72], [82].
• Honorius, Pope, [161].
• Horsa, brother of Hengest, [86], [88].
• House-carls, or body-guard, [418], [422], [447], [463], [486], [489].
• Housesteads, Mithraic chapel at, [75].
• Howorth, Sir H., [367] n.
• Howell, King of Cornwall, [333], [336].
• Hoxne, St. Edmund defeated at, [277].
• Hübner, Emil, [507].
• Hugh Capet, King of France, [367].
• Hugh the Great, Duke of France, [330], [367], [369], [370], [467].
• Hundred and Hundred Court, [427–429].
• Huntingdon (Huntandun), burh built at, [323].
• Hunwald betrays Oswin, [167].
• Hwiccas, tribe in Worcestershire and Gloucestershire, [263], [402].
• Hyde Abbey, Winchester, [314].
• Hythe, [307];
• Cæsar’s landing-place? 24.
• Iceni, British tribe, [33–35];
• revolt of, [38–43].
• Ida, King of Bernicia, [94], [132].
• Idle, Ethelfrid defeated by Edwin, [137].
• India, alleged mission to, [299].
• Indulf, [408] n.
• Ine, King of Wessex, [134], [138], [147], [150], [154], [156], [178], [186], [216].
• Ine’s laws, [218–232].
• Inguar, Danish chief, [277–279].
• Inscriptions, Roman, [58], [74].
• Insurance against theft of cattle, [426].
• Iona, [134], [138], [147], [150], [154], [156], [180], [186].
• Ireland, [50], [79], [102], [144], [148], [182], [260], [294], [310], [332], [333], [442], [458].
• Isle of Man, [138], [248], [317], [356], [385].
• James, deacon, attendant on Paulinus, [143], [180], [182].
• Jarls, [278], [435].
• Jarrow (in Gyrwum), monastery at, [133], [189], [237].
• Jaruman, Bishop of Mercia, [176].
• Jehmarc, Scottish king, submits to Canute, [409].
• John XIX., Pope, visited by Canute, [410].
• John, the Old Saxon, friend of King Alfred, [291], [292].
• Judicia Civitatis Londoniæ, [425].
• Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald, wife of Ethelwulf, [270], [271], [274].
• Judith of Flanders, wife of Tostig, [455].
• Justus, Bishop of Rochester, [120], [122], [127], [128], [139].
• Jutes, [79], [80], [106];
• possible colony of, in Scotland, [103].
• Juthwal, Welsh king, [336];
• tribute of wolves’ heads, [357].
• Kemble, J. M., [77], [508].
• Kenneth, King of Scotland, [134], [356], [357].
• Kent, [79], [88], [89], [104], [106], [138], [140], [176], [179].
• Kent’s Cavern, [2].
• King’s Milton (Middeltun thaes cynges), [458].
• Kingston (Cyngestun), [232], [329], [339], [365].
• Kinsige, Bishop of Lichfield, [349].
• Kirtlington, Witenagemot at, [362].
• Lanfranc, Prior of Bec, [476].
• Lang, Andrew (History of Scotland), referred to, [326], [507].
• Laon, [367–370].
• Lapidarium Septentrionale, [496].
• Lappenberg, historian, [87], [507].
• Laurentius, Archbishop of Canterbury, [120], [125], [127], [128], [139].
• Lea (Lyge), river, [287], [311].
• Leges Marchiarum, [424], [425].
• Legions, Roman:—
• Second, [30], [33], [42], [43], [55], [71].
• Sixth, [54], [55], [71].
• Seventh, [11].
• Ninth, [30], [41], [42], [54].
• Tenth, [11].
• Fourteenth, [30], [42], [44].
• Twentieth, [30], [42], [45], [46], [55], [72], [310].
• Leicester (Ratae, Ligeraceaster), [316], [322], [340].
• Leighton Buzzard (Lygtun), battle at, [321].
• Leofgar, Bishop of Hereford, [466].
• Leofric, son of Leofwine, Earl of Mercia, [403], [417], [422], [442], [447], [448], [454], [465], [466].
• Leofwine, ealdorman of the Hwiccas, [402], [417].
• Leofwine, son of Godwine, [449], [455], [482], [486], [488].
• Leo, Prof. Heinrich, [242].
• Leominster, Abbess of, [449], [465].
• Leo IV., Pope, blesses Alfred, [269].
• Levison on Life of Germanus, [496].
• Liber Pontificalis, [270].
• Liebermann, Felix, on Anglo-Saxon laws, [508].
• Lilia, thegn of Edwin of Deira, [140], [161].
• Lincoln (Lindcylene), [37], [41], [76], [143], [316], [340], [470], [484].
• Lindisfarne gospels, [282].
• Lindisfarne. See [Holy Island].
• Lindsey (Lindissi), [143], [173], [191], [192], [266], [391], [394].
• Liofa, murderer of King Edmund, [338].
• Lichfield, archbishopric of, [248], [250], [263].
• Liudhard, Queen Bertha’s chaplain, [117], [119].
• Loidis or Elmet, British kingdom of, [131], [138].
• Lombards, affinity with Anglo-Saxons, [81].
• London (Londinium, or Augusta, Lundonia, Lunden-burh), [41], [42], [66], [68], [73];
• early mention of, in the Chronicle, [89];
• bishopric founded at, [122];
• relapses into idolatry, [128];
• Sigebert, king in, [175];
• reconverted to Christianity, [176];
• diocese of, [250];
• capture by Danes (851), [267];
• besieged by Danes, [281];
• rescued by Alfred, [287], [299];
• burh built at, [309];
• resumption from Mercia by Edward the Elder, [320];
• Dunstan, Bishop of, [352];
• defence against Danes, [376], [377];
• attack of Sweyn, [384];
• submits to Sweyn, [392];
• Ethelred II.’s illness and death at, [395], [396];
• faithful to house of Cerdic, [397];
• chooses Harold Harefoot as king, [417];
• Witan held at, [454];
• Duke William’s visit to, [457];
• Earl Godwine’s defence before Witan at, [459];
• King Harold II. at, [478], [480].
• Longfellow’s Saga of King Olaf, [385] n.
• Lothian, [102], [131], [326];
• lost by England, [409].
• Louis IV. of France reared in England, [330], [368], [369].
• Lucius. See [St. Lucius].
• Lud, a fictitious King of Britain, [105].
• Lupus, Bishop of Troyes, [83].
• Lymne (Portus Lemanis), suggested as Cæsar’s landing-place? 24;
• Danes at, [307].
• Macbeth, or Maelbaeth, King of Scotland, [409], [447], [462], [463].
• Maccus, “arch-pirate,” rows in Edgar’s boat, [356].
• Mætæ, Caledonian tribe, [60], [62].
• Maelgwn, or Maglocunus, King of North Wales, [99], [102], [144].
• Magasaetas (Herefordshire), [452].
• Magnus I., King of Norway, [443–445].
• Magnus, a Norwegian, helps Earl Elfgar, [467].
• Maitland, F. W., [430] n., [433], [508].
• Malcolm I., King of Scotland (943–954), [341].
• Malcolm II., King of Scotland (1005–1034), [407–409], [461].
• Malcolm III. (Canmore), King of Scotland (1058–1093), [463], [477].
• Malcolm, King of Cumberland, [356].
• Maldon, burh at, [323];
• battle of, [378], [379].
• Malet, William, [490].
• Malfosse, at battle of Hastings, [488], [489].
• Malmesbury, monastery of, [266], [338], [346], [395].
• Mamertinus, panegyrist, [65], [495].
• Man, Isle of, [138], [248], [317], [356], [385].
• Manau Guotodin (Lothian), [102].
• Manchester (Mancunium, Mameceaster) in Northumbria, [323].
• Mancus, value of, [235].
• Mandubracius, British chief, [18], [19].
• Marcellus, Ulpius, ascetic Roman general, [59].
• Marcian, Emperor, [88] n.
• Marcus Aurelius, Emperor, troubled by Britannic war, [58].
• Marcus, a military usurper, [72].
• Margaret, grand-daughter of Edmund Ironside, wife of Malcolm III., [463].
• Mark, value of, [235].
• Maserfield or Oswestry, battle of, [158], [160].
• Matilda of Scotland, wife of Henry I., [289], [436].
• Matilda of Flanders, wife of William the Conqueror, [275], [289], [476].
• Maximian, Emperor, [64], [67].
• Maximus, usurper of the empire, [69], [95].
• Mearcredesburn, battle at, [89].
• Medeshamstede. See [Peterborough].
• Mellitus, Archbishop of Canterbury, [120–122], [127], [129], [174].
• Melrose (Magilros), monastery of, [205].
• Menai Straits, [41], [47], [102].
• Meonwaras, district of, in Hampshire, [174], [178], [215].
• Mercia, [80], [108], [136], [144], [160], [173], [248], [289], [340], [344], [351], [448], [464].
• Merlin, [103].
• Mersea, island in Essex, [310], [311].
• Middle Anglians, [160], [169].
• Middlesex, [287], [448].
• Milton Abbas (Middeltun) monastery purged, [355].
• Mithras, worship of, [75].
• Mommsen, [507].
• Mona. See [Anglesey].
• Money, Anglo-Saxon, [231–235].
• Monkwearmouth, monastery, [133], [237].
• Monothelite controversy, [196].
• Mons Graupius, [50].
• Moots, [302].
• Mora, Duke William’s ship, [483].
• Morcant, a Welsh king, [337].
• Morcar, murdered by Edric, [394].
• Morini, Gaulish tribe, [10], [16], [23].
• Morkere, son of Elfgar, [470], [471], [477], [479], [484].
• Mount Badon, battle of, [92], [99], [100], [104], [105], [107].
• Mund-bora or protector, [322], [324].
• Municipia, [76], [151].
• Mul, brother of Cadwalla, burned by men of Kent, [215], [216].
• Natanleod, British king, slain by Cerdic, [90].
• Navy of Alfred, [312];
• of Edgar, [357], [358];
• of Edward the Confessor, [445].
• Naze, in Essex (Eadulfesnaess), [459].
• Nechtansmere (Dunnichen), King Egfrid defeated at, [192].
• Nennius, historian, [100–105], [131], [132], [152] n., [497].
• Neolithic man, [2–5].
• Nerthus, goddess of the Angles, [81].
• Netley (Natanleaga), scene of Cerdic’s victory, [91].
• New Minster, at Winchester, Alfred’s burial-place, [314], [328], [355].
• Nithings, [81], [380], [451].
• Nobility by birth and by service, [231].
• Normandy, early history of, [367–370].
• Normans, weapons of, [486].
• Northampton, [464], [470].
• Northman, son of Leofwine, put to death by Canute, [402].
• Northmen or Norwegians in Cumberland, [316];
• distinguished from Danes, [325];
• at Stamford Bridge, [481].
• Norway, [372], [417], [444], [478].
• Northumbria, [94], [130–173], [245–248], [325], [332], [341–343], [388], [395], [396], [406–408], [463], [470], [479].
• Nothelm, priest, friend of Bede, [86].
• Notitia Imperii, Army list of Roman Empire, [69], [70].
• Nottingham (Snotingaham), [276], [316], [323], [340].
• Nun, King of Sussex, [216].
• Ockley (Aclea), Danes defeated at, [267].
• Octha, son of Hengest, [103], [104], [131], [132].
• Oda, Archbishop of Canterbury, [340], [343], [349], [351], [352], [354].
• Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, [487], [488].
• Odo, King of France, [367].
• Oferhyrnesse, contempt of royal power, [438].
• Offa, King of Mercia, [248], [250–253], [255].
• Offa’s Dyke (Clawdd Offa), [251].
• Offa, thegn of Brihtnoth, [380].
• Ohthere, an Arctic explorer, [294].
• Olaf, King of Sweden, [385].
• Olaf, son of Harold Hardrada, [481].
• Olaf the Thick. See [St. Olaf].
• Olaf Tryggvason, King of Norway, [372], [384], [385].
• Olney, in Gloucestershire (Olanig), conference at, [397].
• Oman, Professor, [275] n.
• Open field system of farming, [221].
• Ora, eighth part of a mark, [235].
• Ordeals, [439], [440].
• Ordericus Vitalis, [505].
• Ordgar, father of Elfrida, [359].
• Ordmaer, father-in-law of Edgar, [359].
• Ordovices, a British tribe, [35], [46], [47].
• Orosius, ecclesiastic and historian, [69], [86], [293], [498].
• Osbeorn, son of Siward, [463].
• Osbern, biographer of Dunstan, [348] n., [501].
• Osbert, King of Northumbria, [276].
• Osburga, mother of Alfred, [272].
• Osfrid, son of Edwin, [143], [144].
• Osgod Clapa, “Staller,” [412], [450].
• Oslac, Earl of Northumbria, [360], [361].
• Oslac, father of Osburga, [272].
• Osmund, Richard’s guardian, [369].
• Osred I., King of Northumbria, [210].
• Osred II. (do.), murdered, [248].
• Osric, ealdorman, [254].
• Osric, King of Deira, [151].
• Ossa Cyllelawr, Bernician king, [132].
• Osthryd, Queen of Mercia, [158], [191].
• Ostorius Scapula, Roman governor, [34];
• defeats Caratacus, [35].
• Oswald, King of Northumbria. See [St. Oswald].
• Oswald, Bishop of Worcester, [354], [355], [360].
• Oswin, King of Deira, [160], [165], [171].
• Oswulf, King of Northumbria, [247].
• Oswulf, Earl of Northumbria, [342].
• Oswy, King of Northumbria, [126], [160], [161], [165], [171–173], [180–190].
• Oundle (Undalum), Wilfrid dies at, [212].
• Owen, King of Gwent, [333].
• Oxford (Oxnaford), [162], [320], [417], [473].
• Ox-gang, or Bovate, the eighth of a Hide, [223].
• Paga, king’s reeve, at Carlisle, [207].
• Palæolithic man, [2].
• Palgrave, Sir F., [508].
• Palisade at Hastings, [485] and n.
• Pallig, killed in massacre of St. Brice, [387].
• Pallium, sign of archbishop’s rank, [120], [121], [202], [252], [453], [459], [460].
• Papinian, Roman lawyer, [61].
• Parisii, a British tribe in Yorkshire, [10].
• Parret (Pedride), river, [178], [266].
• Paulinus, Bishop of York, [120], [139–143], [145], [154], [180].
• Paulinus, Suetonius, conquers Anglesey, [38];
• marches to London, [41];
• defeats Boadicea, [42];
• recalled, [44].
• Paulus Diaconus, historian of the Lombards, [81].
• Pavia, death of Eadburh at, [255].
• Peada, son of Penda, [168], [173].
• Pearson, C. H., [507].
• Pecsaetan, tribe in the Peak district, [433].
• Pelagian heresy, [76], [84].
• Pelham, Professor, quoted, [53] n.
• Pembrokeshire, Danish colony in, [317].
• Penda, King of Mercia, [144], [158], [160–173].
• Penny, Anglo-Saxon, [233].
• Peonnum (the Pens or Penselwood), [178].
• Perctarit, Lombard king, [203].
• Peter, sent to Pope Gregory, [120].
• Peterborough (Medeshamstede), sacked by Danes, [278];
• visited by Bishop Ethelwold, [355].
• Petillius Cerialis, commands ninth legion, [41];
• governor of Britain, [45].
• Pevensey (Pefenesea), [89], [458], [482], [483].
• Picts, [68], [79], [84–86], [93], [95], [97], [102], [103], [106], [134], [147], [157], [171], [191], [192], [281].
• Place-names as evidences of nationality of settlers, [315].
• Plague, [176], [188], [189], [238], [312].
• Plautius, Aulus, conquers southern Britain, [25], [30–32], [34].
• Plegmund, Archbishop of Canterbury, [291], [292], [314].
• Pliny, [494].
• Plummer, Chas., editor of Bede, [86], [190] n., [290] n., [295] n., [325] n., [337] n., [419] n., [466] n., [497].
• Poenius Postumus, Roman officer, kills himself, [43].
• Polybius, historian, [8].
• Polyclitus, Nero’s freedman, [44].
• Porlock (Portloca), Danish raid on, [321];
• Harold Godwineson’s, [458].
• Port, mythic eponymous hero, [87], [91].
• Portland, Danes attack, [266].
• Portsmouth, legendary foundation of, [87], [91].
• Portskewet, Harold’s lodge at, [467].
• Portus Itius, [16], [23].
• Pound, Anglo-Saxon, [232].
• Prætenturæ, or stations on the Roman Wall, [56].
• Prasutagus, King of the Iceni, [33], [39].
• Prices, history of, [234], [426].
• Prisci historia, quoted, [109] n.
• Procolitia, station on the Roman Wall, [56].
• Procopius, historian, [112], [113].
• Prosper Tiro, chronicler, [82], [103], [496].
• Pseudo-monasteries, [244].
• Ptolemy, geographer, [80], [493].
• Pucklechurch, King Edward murdered at, [338].
• Purbeck, Danish fleet wrecked near, [283].
• “Purveyance,” [453].
• Pytheas, Greek geographer, [8].
• “Quarto-decimans,” [124], [181], [182], [193], [198].
• Quedlinburg, Canute’s grand-daughter Abbess of, [412].
• Radfrid, Frankish noble, escorts Theodore to England, [196].
• Raegenheri, son of Redwald, [137].
• Raegnald of Northumbria, [325–327], [340].
• Ragnar Lodbrog, the Viking, [276].
• Ralph the Timid, Earl of the Magasaetas, nephew of Edward the Confessor, [452], [454], [465].
• Ramsay, Sir J., [507].
• Reading, [278], [279], [281].
• Rectitudines singularum personarum, [436], [437].
• Redwald, King of East Anglia, [126], [136], [137], [139], [163].
• Redwulf, King of Northumbria, [266].
• Regni, British tribe, [10], [90].
• Regnum. See [Chichester].
• Regula Pastoralis of Pope Gregory, translated by Alfred, [291], [292].
• Repton (Hreopandun), occupied by Danes, [281].
• Rhuddlan, burnt by Harold II., [467].
• Rhys, Professor John, [493].
• Richard of Hexham, historian, [131] n.
• Richard I., Duke of Normandy, [369], [370].
• Richard II. (do.), [386], [399].
• Richborough (Rutupiæ), [71], [118].
• Ricula, sister of Ethelbert, [122].
• Ripon (In Hripum), [195], [199], [209], [342], [406].
• Robert, Duke of Normandy, [456].
• Robertson, E. W., historian, [326], [356], [359] n., [360] n., [507].
• Robert, King of France, [367].
• Robert the Strong, Duke of Francia, [367].
• Rochester (Durobrevi, Hrofaescaestre), [122], [145], [286], [365].
• Roderick the Great (Rhodri Mawr), Welsh king, [267].
• Roger of Wendover, [342].
• Rolf or Rollo, settles in Normandy, [367].
• Rolleston, Professor, on Neolithic man, [4], [493].
• Roman roads, [73].
• Roman Wall, between Firths of Forth and Clyde, [58], [103].
• Roman Wall, between Solway and Tyne, [52], [94], [146], [152];
• description of, [56];
• garrison of, [57].
• Romanus, Bishop of Rochester, [145].
• Round, J. H., [485] n., [507].
• Rowena, daughter of Hengest, [103], [109].
• Rowley Burn, Cadwallon’s death at, [153].
• Rufinianus, emissary to Rome, [120].
• Runcorn (Rumcofa), Saxon fortress built at, [321].
• Runic inscription on Bewcastle Cross, [172];
• about Harold Hardrada, [479].
• Ruthwell Cross, [242].
• Rutupiæ. See [Richborough].
• Saberct, King of the East Saxons, [122], [127], [175].
• Sabinus, brother of Vespasian, [32].
• St. Aidan, [155–168], [181], [182], [187], [282].
• St. Alban, [27], [76], [84].
• St. Alphege (Elfeah),384;
• martyrdom of, [389], [390];
• translation of relics, [405].
• St. Augustine, Archbishop of Canterbury, [82], [112–125], [338].
• St. Boniface. See [Boniface].
• St. Brice’s Day, massacre on, [386], [387].
• St. Chad (Ceadda), Bishop of York, [195];
• of Lichfield, [198].
• St. Columba, [134], [147–150], [154], [181], [182], [187].
• St. Cuthbert, Bishop of Lindisfarne, [130], [158], [192], [205], [208], [282], [406].
• St. Dunstan, early life, [344–348];
• Abbot of Glastonbury, [347];
• influence on Edred, [339];
• at Edwy’s coronation, [349];
• exiled, [350];
• Bishop of Worcester and London, [352];
• Archbishop of Canterbury, [352];
• share in monastic reform, [353–356];
• story of St. Edmund’s martyrdom, [277];
• crowns King Edward the Martyr, [360];
• escape at the meeting at Calne, [362];
• remonstrance with Ethelred, [365];
• death, [365];
• character, [360], [491];
• lives of, by various authors, [501].
• St. Edmund, [276–278], [393], [405].
• St. Frideswide, church of, at Oxford, [394].
• St. Germanus, [83–85], [102], [106].
• St. Guthlac, [249].
• St. Herbert of Derwentwater, [208].
• St. Jerome, [68].
• St. Joseph of Arimathea, [339].
• St. Lucius, King of Britain, [76], [414].
• St. Martin of Tours, [119], [146].
• St. Ninian, [146].
• St. Olaf, King of Norway, [410], [413–415], [444].
• St. Oswald, [126], [150–159], [171], [173], [179], [282].
• St. Patrick, [104].
• St. Paul, church in London dedicated to, [122], [391].
• St. Swithun, Bishop of Winchester, [265], [266], [357].
• St. Thomas, Christians of, in India, [299].
• Sake and Soke, [440], [441].
• Sandwich, [375], [388], [389], [394], [444], [445], [450], [458], [477].
• San Spirito in Sassia, church in Rome, [270].
• Sarn Helen, a Roman road, [74].
• Sarum, Old (Searoburg), battle of, [91].
• Savernake Forest, battle near, [280].
• Saxon Chronicle. See [Anglo-Saxon Chronicle].
• Saxon Shore in Britain, Count of, [70].
• Saxons, origin and appearance in Britain, [71], [79–81], [84], [104], [106].
• Scarborough burnt, [479].
• Sceatt, value of, [235].
• Schmid, Professor Reinhold, [286] n., [381] n., [508].
• Schola Saxonum, at Rome, [270].
• Scilling, value of, [232].
• Scip-here, Danish fleet, [311], [321], [342].
• Scotland, [134], [138], [192], [246], [324–328], [333], [335], [356], [357], [406–410], [461–464].
• Scots, [68], [79], [93], [95], [102], [103], [134], [148], [157].
• Sebbi, King of East Saxons, [175], [176].
• Sedgefield, W. J., translation of Alfred’s Boethius, [297] n.
• Seebohm, F., [77], [508].
• Seghine, Abbot of Iona, [154].
• Selsey, bishopric founded, [205].
• Selwood, Forest of, [284].
• Seneca, as money-lender in Britain, [39].
• Senlac or Epiton, site of “battle of Hastings,” [485].
• Seven Boroughs, [394], [395].
• Severus, Septimius, Emperor, [59–62], [90].
• Sexburh, Queen of Kent, [176].
• Shaftesbury (Sceaftesburh), [364], [416].
• Sheppey (Sceapig), Isle of, [265], [268], [308], [458].
• Sherborne (Scireburne), Bishopric of, [242].
• Ship-money, [388].
• Shire and Shire Gemot, [429], [432], [433].
• Shire-reeve (sheriff), [434].
• Shoebury (Sceoburh), Danish fort at, [309].
• Shrewsbury (Scergeat, Scrobbesburh), “burh” built at, [321], [433] n.
• Sideman, Bishop of Crediton, [362].
• Sidroc, a Danish jarl, [278].
• Sigebert the Learned, King of East Anglia, [163], [164].
• Sigebert, King of the East Saxons, [175], [179].
• Sigebert, King of the West Saxons, [253].
• Sigeferth, thegn, murdered by Edric, [394].
• Sigeric, Archbishop of Canterbury, [381].
• Sighelm, West Saxon almoner, [299].
• Sighere, King of the East Saxons, [175], [176].
• Sigvat, minstrel to King Olaf, [444].
• Sihtric, Northumbrian king, [332].
• Silchester, Christian Basilica at, [75].
• Silures, a British tribe, [33–35], [37], [46].
• Silurians, [5].
• Simcox, W. H., on sites of Alfred’s battles, [278] n.
• Sinodun camp, [162].
• Siward the Strong, Earl of Northumbria, [422], [442], [447], [454], [462], [463].
• Six-hynd men, [430].
• Skene, W. F., on Celtic Scotland, [148], [149], [326], [409] n., [508].
• Slavery, [114–116], [225], [226] n., [303].
• Snorri Sturleson, Icelandic scholar, [504].
• Somerton captured, [249].
• Southampton (Hamtun), Danes attack, [266].
• South Anglians, [160].
• Southwark (Suthgeweore), [455], [458].
• Spartianus, on the Roman Wall, [53].
• Stafford, “burh” built at, [321].
• Stamford (Steanford), [316], [323], [340].
• Stamford Bridge, battle of, [480–482], [485], [486].
• Stainmoor, King Eric slain at, [342].
• Steenstrup, J. C., [257] n.
• Steepholm (Steapa Relice), Danes at, [321].
• Stevenson, W. H., Editor of Asser, [221] n., [270] n., [274] n., [279] n., [284] n., [299] n., [357] n., [359] n.
• Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury, [459], [472], [476].
• Stilicho, Roman general, [72].
• Stonehenge, neolithic work at, [5].
• Stour, river, [117], [458].
• Strabo, geographer, [8], [27], [493].
• Strathclyde, kingdom of, [95], [108], [130], [144], [148], [153], [281], [325–327], [332], [333].
• Streanæshalch. See [Whitby].
• Stubbs, Bishop, [268], [383] n., [508].
• Stuf, nephew of Cerdic, [91].
• Sumorsætas, [249].
• Sussex, kingdom of, [80], [89], [174], [176], [177], [194].
• Swearing power, scale of, [130].
• Sweyn Estrithson, King of Denmark, [443–445].
• Sweyn, or Swegen, King of Denmark, [371], [384], [385], [391–393].
• Sweyn, son of Canute, [416], [417].
• Sweyn, son of Godwine, [448–452], [455], [465].
• Swithelm, King of East Saxons, [175] n.
• Swithun. See [St. Swithin].
• Symeon of Durham, historian, [131], [281], [333], [334], [337], [340], [393], [502].
• Tacitus, P. Cornelius, historian, [33], [35], [37], [41], [43], [46], [49], [50], [77], [81], [380], [494].
• Taillefer, minstrel, [487], [488].
• Tamworth (Tameweorthig), [322], [332], [340].
• Tanaus, river, position discussed, [49].
• Tasciovanus, British king, [27].
• Taunton (Tantun), fortress built by King Ine, [216].
• Taylor, Isaac, on distribution of Danes in England, [315], [316].
• Telham, hill of, [485].
• Tempsford (Temesanford), Danish fort at, [324].
• Tettenhall, Danes defeated at, [320].
• Teutonic conquest of England, [106–109].
• Teutons pressed westward by Huns, [109], [110].
• Thanet (Tenet), Isle of, [117], [118], [267], [268], [275], [353], [445].
• Thegn right, [223].
• Thegns, [228], [435].
• Thelwall, Saxon “burh” at, [323].
• Theodbald, brother of Ethelfrid, [134].
• Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury, [195–209].
• Theodosius the Elder, [68].
• Theodosius I., Emperor, [68], [71], [72].
• Theodosius II. Emperor, [82].
• Theows, or esnes, [225], [303].
• Thetford, [277], [278], [343].
• Thora, mother of Hakon, [331].
• Thored, son of Gunnor, [353].
• Thorfinn, Earl of Orkney, [462], [479].
• Thorney Island (in Hertfordshire), [308].
• Thorney Island (at Westminster), [457], [472].
• Thorpe, Benjamin, [508].
• Three Field System of farming, [221].
• Thrum, gives coup de grâce to Saint Alphege, [390].
• Thrymsa, value of, [235].
• Thurcytel of Northumbria, [396].
• Thurgils Sprakalegg, cousin of Canute, [404].
• Thurkill, Danish leader, [391], [392], [394], [401], [404].
• Tincommius, British king, [26].
• Tithing, [439].
• Titus in Britain, [33].
• Togodumnus, British chief, [29], [31].
• Tondheri, servant of Oswin, [167].
• Tonsures, Greek and Roman, [179], [186], [196].
• Torksey occupied by Danes, [281].
• Tortulf, or Tertullus, ancestor of Counts of Anjou, [370].
• Tostig, son of Godwine, [449], [455], [461], [463], [465], [467], [470], [471], [477], [479–481], [484].
• Towcester (Tofeceaster), relief and fortification of, [323], [324].
• Trebellius Maximus, Roman governor, [45].
• Tributum, Roman, [47].
• Trinobantes, British tribe, [17–19], [28], [40].
• Trinoda necessitas, [432], [436].
• Trondhjem, Canute declared King of Norway at, [414].
• Trumwine, Bishop of Abercorn, [192], [207].
• Tuda, Bishop of Lindisfarne, [188].
• Tufa or thuuf ornament on banner of Edwin, [143].
• Tunberct, Bishop of Hexham, [206].
• Twelf-hynd man, [228], [305].
• Twyford (Alnmouth), synod at, [206].
• Twy-hynd man, [228], [305], [430].
• Ubba, Danish chief, murderer of St. Edmund, [277], [278], [284].
• Uhtred, Earl of Northumbria, [396], [407], [408].
• Ulf, Bishop of Dorchester, [457], [459].
• Ulfcytel, ealdorman of East Anglia, [387], [397].
• Ulf the Jarl, brother-in-law of Canute, [404], [413], [414], [444].
• Utta, priest sent by Edwin to King of Kent, [165].
• Valens, Emperor of Rome, [68].
• Valentia, province of Britannia, [68].
• Valentinian I., Emperor of Rome, [68].
• Valentinian III., Emperor of Rome, [88].
• Valerius Maximus, historian, [13].
• Val-ès-Dunes, battle of, [456].
• Vallum runs parallel to Roman Wall, [152], [251].
• Veranius, Roman governor of Britain, [37].
• Verica, British king, [26].
• Verulamium (St. Albans), Britanno-Roman town, [27], [42], [76].
• Vespasian, officer under Aulus Plautius, afterwards Emperor, [32], [33], [45], [46].
• Vikings, [237], [260], [341], [456].
• Villa, Roman, [77].
• Vinogradoff, Professor Paul, [220] n., [221] n., [226] n., [304] n., [428] n., [437] n., [508].
• Virgate, extent of, [223].
• Virius Lupus, Roman governor of Britain, [60].
• Vitalian, Pope, [195].
• Volusenus, [10], [12].
• Vortigern, British king, [86], [88], [97], [102–104], [106], [107].
• Vortimer, son of Vortigern, [103].
• Vortipor, British king, [99].
• Wace, William, [469], [483] n., [485] n., [505].
• Wales, [34], [35], [41], [47], [74], [101], [102], [108], [123], [131], [144], [158], [186], [253], [336], [342], [449], [464], [466].
• Wallingford, [376].
• Waltham, minster at, [484], [490].
• Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria, [407].
• Waltheof, son of Siward, [463].
• Wantage, birth-place of Alfred, [272].
• Wantsum, in Kent, [117].
• Wapentake, Danish equivalent for hundred, [429].
• Warburton (Weardburh), Saxon burh at, [321].
• Wareham (Werham), [283], [364].
• Warwick (Waerinewic), Saxon burh at, [321].
• Watchet (Wecedport), attacked by Danes, [321].
• Watling Street, [73], [287], [309], [324].
• Wat’s Dyke, [251].
• “Wealas,” Romanised Celts, [111].
• Wedmore, treaty of, [285].
• Weland the Smith, [287].
• Welsh. See also [Cymri], [89], [90], [93], [177], [178], [309], [321], [356].
• Welsh Church, [123], [124], [197].
• Wembury (Wicganbeorg), Danes attack, [266].
• Wendel Sea, or Mediterranean, [294].
• Wer, [300], [302].
• Werferth, Bishop of Worcester, [291].
• Wergild, [226], [228], [229], [300], [435].
• Wessex, [158], [161], [179], [180], [448], [464];
• source of chronicle, [87], [88];
• foundation, [80], [90];
• its decline, [140], [177], [178];
• revival under Egbert, [263–265].
• Westminster Abbey, [446], [472].
• Westmorland, harried, [353].
• West Wales (Cornwall), [6], [34], [93], [108], [123], [265], [333], [336].
• Wherwell, abbess of, [455].
• Whitby (Streanæshalch), synod of, [180–188].
• White Sea, explored, [294].
• Whithern (Candida Casa), [146].
• Wictgils, father of Hengest, [86], [88].
• Wighard, candidate for archbishopric, [190].
• Wight, Isle of, [33], [66], [80], [91], [174], [178], [214], [215], [375], [392], [458], [477], [478].
• Wigmore (Wigingamere), burh built at, [323].
• Wihtgar in Isle of Wight, [87], [91].
• Wihtred’s laws, [218], [219].
• Wilfrid, his education, [183];
• at Ripon, [184];
• his arguments at Synod of Whitby, [185];
• elected Bishop of York, [193];
• Ceadda (St. Chad), appointed to same see, [195];
• dispute settled by Theodore of Tarsus, [198];
• builds Hexham Abbey, [200];
• his quarrels with Egfrid and Aldfrid, [202–212];
• his visits to Rome, [203], [209];
• death, [212].
• William, Bishop of London, [457].
• William Fitz Osbern, follower of William of Normandy, [475], [487].
• William of Jumièges, historian, [505].
• William Longsword, son of Rolf, [368], [369].
• William of Malmesbury, historian, [105], [241], [266], [336] n., [337], [342], [354], [356], [357], [364], [392], [394], [503].
• William of Normandy, [456], [457], [460], [461], [467–469], [471], [475–477], [482], [484–486], [489], [490].
• William of Poitiers, historian, [505].
• Willibrord, missionary to Germany, [203], [236].
• Wilton, Danish victory at, [281].
• Wimbledon (Wibbandune), battle of, [92].
• Wimborne (Winburne), Ethelred I. buried at, [280].
• Winchester (Venta Belgarum, Wintanceaster), [88], [90], [91], [182], [232], [275], [297], [314], [342], [343], [355], [416],418, [423], [451], [457], [460].
• Windermere, princes drowned in, [247].
• Winfrid, Bishop, [203].
• Winwaed, perhaps river Went, battle of, [170], [171].
• Wippedes-fleote, battle of, [89].
• Wissant, possible place of Cæsar’s embarkation, [23].
• Wite, [227], [300], [302].
• Witenagemot, [141], [232], [267], [301], [319], [336], [337], [356], [362], [452], [454], [455], [459], [465].
• Wite-theows, [225].
• Woden, [86], [90], [133], [141].
• Wodensburh (Wansborough?), [216].
• Wodnesbeorge, battle of, [93].
• Worcester (Wigraceaster), insurrection at, [422].
• Workington, Lindisfarne gospels at, [282].
• Wrdelau, St. Cuthbert’s body at, [406].
• Wulfhere, King of Mercia, [172], [173], [178], [191], [195].
• Wulfmaer, squire to Brihtnoth, [379].
• Wulfnoth Child, rebels against Ethelred, [388].
• Wulfstan, Archbishop of York, [340–342], [353].
• Wulfstan, Norwegian pilot, [294].
• Wulfthryth, a novice at Wilton, [358].
• Wuscfrea, son of Edwin, [145].
• Wynfrith. See [Boniface].
• Xiphilinus, abbreviator of Dion Cassius, [495].
• Yard-land, extent of, [221], [222].
• Yeavering, palace of Edwin of Deira, [143].
• Yffi, son of Osfrid, [142], [145].
• York (Eburacum, Eoforwic), [67], [94], [121], [138], [141], [193], [198], [257], [276], [322], [332], [340], [342], [470], [479], [482], [484].
• Zimmer, commentator on Nennius, [100], [497].
• Zosimus, Greek historian, [83].

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