17. Wu, Golden Age of Zen, p. 129.

18. Ibid., p. 133.

19. Chang Chung-yuan, Original Teachings of Ch'an Buddhism, p. 169.

20. Ibid., p. 140.

21. Wu, Golden Age of Zen, p. 136.

22. Chang Chung-yuan, Original Teachings of Ch'an Buddhism, p. 171.

23. This is Case 1 of the Mumonkan, here quoted from a very readable new translation by Katsuki Sekida, Two Zen Classics: Mumonkan 6- Hekiganroku (New York: Weatherhill, 1977), p. 27.

24. Wu, Golden Age of Zen, pp. 144-45.

25. Blyth, Zen and Zen Classics, Vol. 3, p. 77.

26. Wu, Golden Age of Zen, p. 145.