8. Ibid., p. 33.

9. Ibid., p. 49.

10. Ibid., p. 33.

11. Ibid., pp. 52-53.

12. Ibid., p. 53.

13. Ibid., p. 58.

14. Ibid.

15. Ibid., p. 35.

16. Ibid., pp. 63-64.

17. The "great ball of doubt," known in Chinese as i-t'uan, was a classic Zen phrase and has been traced by Ruth Fuller Sasaki (Zen Dust, p. 247) back to a tenth-century Chinese monk, who claimed in a poem, "The ball of doubt within my heart/Was as big as a big wicker basket." Hakuin's analysis of the "great ball of doubt" is translated in Zen Dust, p. 43.