Loyola and the Educational System of the Jesuits

by Thomas Hughes

[INDEX.]

• Abram, Father Nicholas, [245]
  
• Academies of the Jesuits, [76]
  
• Alber, Father Ferdinand, [242]
  
• Allen, Cardinal, [57]
  
• Alvarez, Grammar of, [167]
  
• Anderledy, Father Anthony, [128]
  
• Aquaviva, Father Claudius, [52], [59], [70], [82];
  
  • the fifth General of the Order, [126];
  • creates a commission to draw up a method of studies, [144];
  • provisional rules of, [148]
• Aquinas, St. Thomas, [11], [45];
  
  • the standard in theology, [148]
• Argento, Father John, [71], [76]
  
• Aristotle, use of, [166]
  
• Astronomical observations of the Jesuits, [172]
  
• Augustine, [9]
  
• Azor, John, [144]
  
• Bacon, Lord, [46], [93];
  
  • his debt to Possevino, [94]
• Bader, Father George, [104], [107]
  
• Bayonne, the College of, [96]
  
• Beckx, Father, [128]
  
• Bellarmine, literary productiveness of, [135]
  
• Belles-lettres, [82];
  
  • the Jesuits preëminent in the study of, [189]
• Berchmans, John, [113]
  
• Blair's "Rhetoric," [132], [252]
  
• Boarding colleges, [100]
  
• Bobadilla, Nicholas, [33], [43]
  
• Bonald, Viscount de, [7]
  
• Bonaventure, St., [11]
  
• Borgia, Francis, [24];
  
  • succeeds Laynez, [66], [110];
  • founds the Roman college, [111];
  • the third General of the Order, [124]
• Borromeo, St. Charles, [73]
  
• Bossuet, [66]
  
• Bourdaloue, [106], [165]
  
• Broeckaert, Father, [167]
  
• Brouet, Pasquier, [33]
  
• Buffer, Father, "Practical History" of, [168]
  
• Buys, Father, [73], [144]
  
• Calasanzio, Father Joseph, his "Pious School," [260]
  
• Calcutta, Jesuit school at, [268]
  
• Campano, Father, [66]
  
• Campian, Edmund, [57], [212]
  
• Canisius, Father Peter, [90];
  
  • the Catechism of, [134], [242]
• Caraffa, General Vincent, [81], [128]
  
• Catharine II., [129]
  
• Centurione, Father Aloysius, [128]
  
• Cerda, De la, Father, [245]
  
• Chalotais, La, [44]
  
• Christian schools, [3]
  
• Cicero used as a text-book, [166]
  
• Class hours, [196]
  
• Classical literature in the scheme of Jesuit education, [250]
  
• Clavius, Father Christopher, [170]
  
• Clement of Alexandria, [43]
  
• Clement XIV. dissolves the Order, [129]
  
• Coduri, John, [33], [53]
  
• Coimbra, university at, [109]
  
• Colleges, Jesuit, number of, [70] et seq.;
  
  • rise of, in Spain, [110]
• Confessional, the, in educational institutions, [102]
  
• Coton, Father, [66]
  
• Cretineau-Joly, M., [39]
  
• D'Alembert, [4]
  
• Daniel, Father Charles, [46], [93]
  
• Daniel, G., [169]
  
• De Backers, [67], [69];
  
  • his dictionary of Jesuit authors, [134]
• Descartes, [92]
  
• Dictation, how practised in the Jesuit seminaries, [217] et seq.;
  
  • objections to, by Possevino, [223]
• Disputation, the place of, in the Jesuit system, [198], [209] et seq.;
  
  • syllogistic or discursive, [212];
  • numerous attendance upon required, [213];
  • superintendence of, [215]
• Divinity, courses in, [191] et seq.
  
• Doctrine, uniformity of, among the Jesuits, [142]
  
• Domench, Father Jerome, [110]
  
• Drevon, M., [287]
  
• Dupanloup, [99]
  
• Educational system of the Jesuits, the tributes of Ranke and D'Alembert to, [4];
  
  • the Revolution the sequel of the overthrow of, [6];
  • explanation of its rise, [14];
  • kinship between it and the Paris university, [32];
  • defined, [43];
  • development of, [52];
  • as formulated in the Constitution, [56] et seq.;
  • Laynez's rule concerning the system of colleges, [59];
  • no tuition fees, [66], [117];
  • system and method of, [67];
  • number of colleges, [70];
  • number of students, [71] et seq.;
  • ramifications of, [74] et seq.;
  • scope and method of, [82] et seq.;
  • classification of, [87];
  • grades in, [89];
  • subordinate elements in, [89] et seq.;
  • moral scope of, [98] et seq.;
  • vacations, [104];
  • ascendency of the masters, [107];
  • law and medicine in, [116];
  • the study of mathematics in, [127];
  • the development of geography, history, and physics, [127];
  • the Ratio Studiorum, [143] et seq.;
  • the practice and order of studies, [152];
  • result of, the formation of professors, [156];
  • the literary curriculum, [158];
  • proficiency in belles-lettres, [159];
  • the study of history, [168];
  • of geography, [169];
  • of mathematics, [170];
  • manner of instruction, [176];
  • philosophy studied after the literary courses, [178];
  • masters advance with their scholars, [180];
  • the rectors, [186];
  • the study of divinity, [191] et seq.;
  • courses in divinity, [197];
  • thoroughness of, [205];
  • the use of disputation, [208] et seq.;
  • the place of dictation in, [217] et seq.;
  • co-ordination of the courses in, [227];
  • the prelection, [233];
  • study of the classical literatures, [250] et seq.;
  • school management, [255] et seq.;
  • the lowest grade, [260];
  • system of examinations, [262] et seq.;
  • academic degrees, [265];
  • literary curriculum, [270];
  • philosophical curriculum, [274];
  • theological curriculum, [278];
  • distribution of time, [279];
  • origin and evolution of the system, [286]
• Expurgating authors, [103]
  
• Fribourg, Jesuit university suppressed at, [130]
  
• Frederick the Great, letter of, to Voltaire, [79], [129]
  
• Generals of the Order, [124] et seq.
  
• Geography, method of teaching, [169]
  
• Germany, Loyola, the founder of the Jesuit order in, [114]
  
• German college in Rome, [117]
  
• Goa, seminary at, [74], [109]
  
• Gonzaga, Aloysius, [113]
  
• Gonzales, Gaspar, [144]
  
• Grammar, [179];
  
  • prelection in the grade of, [237];
  • method of teaching the classical languages in, [238];
  • the daily lesson in, [241]
• Gregory XIII., papal seminaries founded by, [73]
  
• Grotius, [79]
  
• Guisani, Anthony, [144]
  
• Huebner, Baron von, [7]
  
• Humanity, the course in, [83] et seq., [158], [188];
  
  • the prelection in the grade of, [237]
• Ingolstadt, university at, [115]
  
• Janssen, [118]
  
• Jesus, Society of, birthday of, [33], [34];
  
  • receives its bull of confirmation, [51];
  • constitution of, [54] et seq.;
  • not admitted to Germany at the present day, [123]
• Jouvancy, [29], [127];
  
  • his Ratio Discendi et Docendi, [162], [242]
• Kessel, Father, [60]
  
• Kleutgen, Father, Ars Docendi of, [167]
  
• Knox, John, [144]
  
• Kostka, Stanislaus, [113]
  
• Latin composition, elegant command of, by the Jesuits, [188]
  
• Laval, university of, [269]
  
• Law and medicine studied in the Jesuit universities, [116]
  
• Laynez, James, [28], [33], [54];
  
  • elected successor to Loyola, [55], [59], [124]
• Le Jay, Claude, [33]
  
• Lefèvre, Peter, [33], [110] et seq.
  
• Lenormant, Charles, [100]
  
• Literary productiveness of the Jesuits, [134]
  
• Literary curriculum of the Jesuits at present, [270] et seq.
  
• Loyola, St. Ignatius of, [8];
  
  • begins his education, [15];
  • story of his life, [19] et seq.;
  • becomes a master of arts, [33];
  • his self-discipline, [36];
  • at Rome, [40], [53];
  • promulgates the constitution of his Order, [55];
  • death of, [55], [119];
  • his educational system, [56];
  • his care for Germany, [114];
  • founds a German college in Rome, [117];
  • his educational policy successful, [118]
• Maistre, Count de, [6]
  
• Maldonado, a double-headed disputant, [212]
  
• Moriana, [112], [168]
  
• Mathematics in the Jesuit system of education, [170] et seq.
  
• Mercurian, Father Everard, the fourth General of the Order, [126]
  
• Montague, college of, Loyola at, [31]
  
• Montmorency, Father, [65]
  
• Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, the, [75]
  
• Moral education, the, prescribed by Loyola, [102]
  
• Nadal, Jerome, [120]
  
• Netherlands, Jesuit schools in, [5]
  
• Nickel, Father Goswin, [128]
  
• Olave, Martin, [120]
  
• Oliva, General Paul, [73], [128]
  
• Pachtler, Father, [63], [76]
  
• Papal Seminaries founded by Gregory XIII., [73]
  
• Parma, Duke of, [69]
  
• Paris University, the, [13];
  
  • Loyola at, [25]
• Parsons, Robert, [57]
  
• Pascual, John Sacrista, [21]
  
• Pedagogics in the Ratio Studiorum, [147]
  
• Peltier, Father John, [111]
  
• Perry, [67]
  
• Petau, Father Denis, [167]
  
• Philosophy, course of, what it includes, [173]
  
• Philosophical Curriculum, the, at the present time, [275] et seq.
  
• Piccolomini, Father Francis, [128], [231]
  
• Polanco, John, [115], [120]
  
• Porée, Père, Voltaire's preceptor, [132], [245]
  
• Playfer, Dr., [94]
  
• Plato, [98]
  
• Possevino, Father Anthony, Bacon's forerunner, [94], [103], [107]
  
• Prælectio, the typical form of Jesuit instruction, [232] et seq.
  
• Professors formed by the Jesuit system, [156] et seq.;
  
  • literary productions expected from, [188];
  • in the Jesuit Seminaries, coördination between, [230]
• "Provincial Letters" of Pascal, [105]
  
• Quintilian, use of, [166]
  
• Ranke, Von Leopold, [4], [114], [118]
  
• Rapin, Père, [132];
  
  • works of, [246]
• Ratio Studiorum, the, [8], [32], [52], [56], [86], [89], [143];
  
  • formation of, by Aquaviva, [144] et seq., [151], [152];
  • final form of, [154], [183], [230], [235]
• Rectors of colleges, duties of, [186]
  
• Repetition, in the scheme of Jesuit education, [198];
  
  • in the Grammar Grade, [240]
• Revolution, the French, [6]
  
• Rhetoric, instruction in, [89], [178] et seq.;
  
  • double prelection in, [234]
• Ribadeneira, [29], [54], [87], [89], [102]
  
• Riccioli, Father, [169]
  
• Robertson, [79]
  
• Rochemonteix, Father, [80], [88]
  
• Rodriguez, Simon, [33]
  
• Roman College, the, [103];
  
  • founded by Lefèvre, [111];
  • other colleges following its course, [112]
• Roothaan, Father, [289]
  
• Rossignol, [135]
  
• Rue, Father de la, author of the Delphin Virgil, [246]
  
• Sacchini, [54], [177]
  
• Saint-Yves, college of, [80]
  
• Salmeron, Alphonsus, [33]
  
• Secchi, Father, [67]
  
• Schall, Adam, [169]
  
• Scheiner, Father, [169]
  
• Scholastics, Jesuit, expected to teach, [176]
  
• Schools, the cathedral, [9];
  
  • of study, of the Jesuits, [127]
• School management, [255] et seq.
  
• Sirmond, James, [167]
  
• Sodalities, the, [103], [258]
  
• Sommervogel, [67], [134]
  
• Southwell, Father Nathaniel, [133]
  
• Sorbon, Robert of, [208], [211]
  
• "Spiritual Exercises," the, [27]
  
• Stonyhurst, [268]
  
• Strada, Damian, [168]
  
• Strada, Father Francis, [191]
  
• Strassmeyer, [67]
  
• Studies, Practice and Order of, in Jesuit seminaries, [152]
  
• Suarez, Francis, [112], [203]
  
• Text-books of the Jesuits, [131]
  
• Theological instruction, method of, [202] et seq.
  
• Theological curriculum at the present time, [278] et seq.
  
• Theology, scholastic, Jesuit authors in, [203]
  
• Tiraboschi, [165]
  
• Toffia, Vittoria, [112]
  
• Tucci, Stephen, [144]
  
• Tyre, James, [144]
  
• University system, rise of the, [10]
  
• Urban VIII., [42]
  
• Vacations in the Jesuit system, [104]
  
• Verbiest, Ferdinand, [169]
  
• Vernacular, the study of, [164], [242]
  
• Vienna and Ingolstadt, the Jesuits first centres in Germany, [115]
  
• Villanova, Francis, [24], [110]
  
• Visconti, Ignatius, [3], [128]
  
• Vitelleschi, Mutius, [70], [108];
  
  • the sixth general of the order, [126], [131]
• Voltaire, tribute of, to the morality of the Jesuits, [105], [132];
  
  • and Père Porée, [244]
• Xavier, Francis, [33], [37], [69], [109]
  
• Zaccaria, literary productiveness of, [134]
  
• Ziegler, Father, [170]
  

FOOTNOTES

[1] Christian Schools and Scholars, by A. T. Drane; 1881; last chapter.

[2] On the Furthering of Humane Studies; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 129.

[3] History of the Papacy, vol. i, book v, § 3; Jesuit Schools in Germany.

[4] Sur la destruction des Jésuites, par un auteur désintéressé, p. 19.

[5] Imago Primi Sæculi, lib. vi, Societas Flandro-Belgica, cap. iii, § 1, p. 772.

[6] Crétineau-Joly, Histoire de la Compagnie de Jésus, tom. iv, ch. 3, p. 210; 3^me edit. 1851.

[7] Histoire de l'Université de Paris, par Charles Jourdain, liv. i, ch. 1; quoted with other testimonies, in the learned work, Un Collège de Jésuites aux xvii and xviii siècles, Le Collège Henri iv de la Flèche, par le P. Camille de Rochemonteix, 1889; tom. i, ch. 1, p. 3.