Nothing remarkable, that I can see, as to the locality of this, town of New Lancaster; but, the name, alas! it brought to my recollection the horrid deeds done at Old Lancaster, the county town of my native country! I thought of Colonel F——r, and his conduct towards my poor, unfortunate townsman, Gallant! I thought of the poor, miserable creatures, men, women, and children, who, in the bloody year of 1812, were first instigated by spies to commit arson, and then pursued into death by the dealers in human blood. Amongst the sufferers upon this particular occasion, there was a boy, who was silly, and who would at any time, have jumped into a pit for a halfpenny: he was not fourteen years old; and when he was about to be hanged, actually called out for his "mammy" to come and save him! Who, that has a heart in his bosom, can help feeling indignation against the cruel monsters! Who can help feeling a desire to see their dreadful power destroyed! The day must come, when the whole of the bloody tragedies of Lancashire will be exposed. In the mean while, here I am in safety from the fangs of the monsters, who oppress and grind my countrymen. The thought of these oppressions, however, I carry about with me; and I cannot help its sometimes bursting forth into words.

July 22nd.—Arrived at Zanesville,[45] a place {299} finely situated for manufactures, in a nook of the Muskingham, just opposite to the mouth of Licking Creek. It has almost every advantage for manufacturing of all sorts, both as to local situation and as to materials; it excels Wheeling and Steubenville, in many respects, and, in some, even Pittsburgh. The river gives very fine falls near the town, one of them of 12 feet, where it is 600 feet wide; the creek, too, falls in by a fine cascade. What a power for machinery! I should think that as much effect might be produced by the power here afforded as by the united manual labour of all the inhabitants of the state. The navigation is very good all the way up to the town, and is now continued round the falls by a canal with locks, so that boats can go nearly close up to Lake Erie. The bowels of the earth afford coal, iron ore, stone, free stone, lime-stone, and clays: all of the best, I believe, and the last, the very best yet discovered in this country, and, perhaps, as good as is to be found in any country. All these materials are found in inexhaustible quantities in the hills and little ridges on the sides of the river and creek, arranged as if placed by the hand of man for his own use. In short, this place has the four elements in the greatest perfection that I have any where yet seen in America. As to manufactures, it is, like Wheeling and Steubenville, nothing in comparison to Pittsburg.

Nature has done her part; nothing is left wanting but machines to enable the people of Ohio to keep their flour at home, instead of exporting it, at their own expense to support those abroad who are industrious enough to send them back coats, knives, and cups, and saucers.

July 23rd.—All day at Zanesville. Spent part of it very agreeably with Mr. Adams the post-master, and old Mr. Dillon who has a large iron foundery near this.

July 24th.—Go with Mr. Dillon about 3 miles up the Creek, to see his mills and iron-factory establishment. He has here a very fine water-fall, of 18 feet, giving immense power, by which he works a {300} large iron-forge and foundery, and mills for sawing, grinding, and other purposes.

I will here subjoin a list of the prices at Zanesville, of provisions, stock, stores, labour, &c. just as I have it from a resident, whom I can rely upon.

Dls.Cts.Dls. Cts.
Flour (superfine) per barrel of 196 lb. from50to575
Beef, per 100 lb.40—425
Pork (prime), per 100 lb.450—50
Salt, per bushel of 50 lb.225
Potatoes, per bushel025—031½
Turnips, ditto020
Wheat, ditto of 60 lb. to 66 lb.075
Indian corn, ditto shelled033⅓—050
Oats, ditto025—033⅓
Rye, ditto050
Barley, ditto075
Turkeys, of from 12 lb. to 20 lb. each037½—050
Fowls012½—018¾
Live Hogs, per 100 lb. live weight30—50
Cows, (the best)180—250
Yoke of Oxen, ditto500—750
Sheep250
Hay, per ton, delivered90—100
Straw, fetch it and have it.
Manure, ditto, ditto.
Coals, per bushel, delivered08
Butter, per lb. avoirdupois012½—018
Cheese, ditto, ditto012½—025
Loaf Sugar050
Raw ditto031¼
Domestic Raw ditto018¾
Merino Wool, per lb. avoirdupois, washed10
Three-quarter Merino ditto075
Common Wool050
Bricks, per 1000, delivered60—70
Lime, per bushel, ditto018¾
{301} Sand, in abundance on the banks of the river.
Glass is sold in boxes, containing 100 square feet; of the common size there are 180 panes in a box, when the price is140
The price rises in proportion to the size of the panes.
Oak planks, 1 inch thick, per 100 square feet, at the saw-mill150
Poplar, the same.
White Lead, per 100 lb. delivered170
Red ditto170
Litharge150
Pig Lead950
Swedish Iron (the best, in bars)140
Juniatta, ditto, ditto140
Mr. Dillon's, ditto, ditto1250
Castings at Mr. Dillon's Foundery per ton1200
Ditto, for machinery, ditto, per lb.08
Potash, per ton1800
Pearl Ashes, ditto2000
Stone masons and bricklayers, per day, and board and lodging150
Plasterers, by the square yard, they finding themselves in board and lodging and in lime, sand, laths and every thing they use.018¾
Carpenters, by the day, who find themselves and bring their tools125
Blacksmiths, by the month, found in board, lodging and tools300to400
Millwrights, per day, finding themselves150—20
Tailors, per week, finding themselves and working 14 or 15 hours a day70—90
Shoemakers the same.
{302} Glazier's charge for putting in each pane of glass 8 in. by 10 in. with their own putty and laying on the first coat of paint04to05
Labourers, per annum, and found1000—1200
The charge of carriage for 100 lb. weight from Baltimore to Zanisville100
Ditto for ditto by steam-boat from New Orleans to Shippingport, and thence, by boats, to Zanesville, about650
Peaches, as fine as can grow, per bushel012½—025
Apples and pears proportionably cheaper; sometimes given away, in the country.

Prices are much about the same at Steubenville; if any difference, rather lower. If bought in a quantity, some of the articles enumerated might be had a good deal lower. Labour, no doubt, if a job of some length were offered, might be got somewhat cheaper here.

July 25th.—Leave Zanesville for Pittsburgh, keeping to the United States road; stop at Cambridge, 25 miles. During the first eight miles we met 10 wagons, loaded with emigrants.

July 26th.—Stop at Mr. Broadshaw's, a very good house on the road, 25 miles from Cambridge.[46] This general government road is by no means well laid out; it goes strait over the tops of the numerous little hills, up and down, up and down. It would have been a great deal nearer in point of time, if not in distance (though I think it would that, too), if a view had been had to the labour of travelling over these everlasting unevennesses.