The sex-linked wing mutant bifid, which appeared in November 1911, is characterized by the fusion of all the longitudinal veins into a heavy stalk at the base of the wing. The wing stands out from the body at a wide angle, so that the fusion is easily seen. At the tip of the wing the third longitudinal vein spreads out into a delta which reaches to the marginal vein. The fourth longitudinal vein reaches the margin only rarely. There is very often opposite this vein a great bay in the margin, or the whole wing is irregularly truncated.
The stock of bifid was at first extremely varied in the amount of this truncation. By selection a stock was secured which showed only very greatly reduced wings like those shown in figures a, b. Another stock (figs. c, d) was secured by outcrossing and selection which showed wings of nearly normal size and shape, which always had the bifid stalk, generally the spread positions (not as extreme), and often the delta and the shortened fourth longitudinal vein. We believe that the extreme reduction in size seen in the one stock was due to an added modifier of
the nature of beaded, since this could be eliminated by outcrossing and selection.
Fig. B.—Bifid wing. c and d show the typical condition of bifid wings. All the longitudinal veins are fused into a heavy stalk at the base of the wing. a shows the typical position in which the bifid wings are held. The small size of the wings in a and b is due to the action of a modifier of the nature of "beaded" which has been eliminated in c, d.
LINKAGE OF BIFID WITH YELLOW, WITH WHITE, AND WITH VERMILION.
The stock of the normal (not-beaded) bifid was used by Dr. R. Chambers, Jr., for determining the chromosome locus of bifid by means of its linkage relations to vermilion, white, and yellow (Chambers, 1913). We have attempted to bring together in table 2 the complete data and to calculate the locus of bifid.
Table 2.—Linkage data, from Chambers, 1913.
| Gens. | Total. | Cross- overs. | Cross-over values. |
| Yellow bifid | 3,175 | 182 | 5.8 |
| White bifid | 20,800 | 1,127 | 5.3 |
| Bifid vermilion | 2,509 | 806 | 32.1 |