[45] The Sarasins have described several cases in Linckia multiformis in which an old arm has one or more new arms arising from it. In one case (copied in our [Fig. 38], G), four rays arise from the end of one arm, producing the appearance of a new starfish. In fact the Sarasins interpret the result in this way, although they state that there is no madreporite on the upper surface, and they did not determine whether a mouth is formed at the convergence of the rays, because they did not wish to destroy so unique a specimen—even to find out the meaning of it. There seems to me little probability that the new structure is a starfish, but the old arm has been so injured that it has produced a number of new arms.
[46] For a review of the literature see Brindley, ’98.
[47] I do not know whether this animal was kept long enough to make it certain that the legs do not regenerate.
[48] A statement to the contrary quoted in Darwin’s Animals and Plants under Domestication is doubted by Darwin himself.
[49] The stork and the fighting cocks.
[50] See Darwin, loc. cit.
[51] The more generally accepted results are given in Virchow’s Cellular Pathology and in Ziegler’s Pathological Anatomy. An excellent review of the subject down to 1895 is given in a summary by Ludwig Aschoff in the Ergebnisse d. allgem. patholog. Morphol. und Physiologie, 1895, “Regeneration und Hypertrophie,” in which there are two hundred and eighteen references to the literature.
[52] Nothnagel gives a review of the subject down to 1886 in an article entitled “Über Anpassung und Ausgleichung bei pathologischen Zuständen. Zeitsch. f. klinische Medicin.” 1886. Vols. X and XI.
[53] Not, however, from the same litter.
[54] Internat. Beiträge zu wissensch. Medicin. Festschrift für R. Virchow, Vol. II, 1891.