| CITY. | WHEN BUILT. | KIND OF TOWER. | MAX. CAP- | DIAMETER OF | STROKE | DIAMETER | COST. | REMARKS. |
| ACITY IN | SYS. CYL. | IN FEET. | AND STROKE | |||||
| MIL. GAL. | IN INCH. | OF PUMPS. | ||||||
| ″ ′ | ||||||||
| Chicago | 1876 | Compound condensing beam and fly-wheel. | 30 | 48 H.P. | 6 H.P. | 51 × 10 | $543,500 | with 6 boilers. |
| 76 L.P. | 10 L.P. | |||||||
| “ | 1857 | Low-pressure beam and fly-wheel single eng. | 13 | 60 | 10 | 40 × 6¼ | 59,000 | “ 2 “ |
| “ | 1857 | Double engine beam and fly-wheel. | 18 | 44 | 8 | 28 × 8 | 112,500 | “ 1 boiler. |
| “ | 1872 | Double engine beam and fly-wheel. | 36 | 70 | 10 | 57 × 10 | 188,400 | “ 3 boilers. |
| “ | 1853 | Single engine beam and fly-wheel. | 7½ | 44 | 9 | 34 × 5½ | 24,500 | “ 1 boiler. |
| Cincinnati | 1850 | Single engine fly-wheel. | 4½ | 45 | 8 | 18 × 8 | 30,000 | with 60 ft. iron col. |
| “ | 1865 | Single engine direct acting. | 20 | 100 | 12 | 46 × 12 | 200,000 | — |
| “ | 1874 | Double engines fly-wheels and beams. | 7½ | 28 | 8 | 25½ × 8 | 99,000 | Plunger 16½ “ |
| “ | 1869 | Double horizontal engines, fly-wheel. | 4 | 18 | 5 | 13¼ × 5 | 18,000 | with 1 boiler. |
| “ | 1874 | Compound dir’t acting. | 2 | 14 H.P. | 2½ | 10 × 2½ | 8,600 | — |
| 22½ L.P. | ||||||||
| St. Louis | 1875 | Double, with beam and one fly-wheel. | 25 | 50 H.P. | 7¼ H.P. | 45¼ × 8½ | 280,000 | Plunger 32″ dia. |
| 80 L.P. | 11½ L.P. | |||||||
CHAPTER V.
HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL.
New York was supplied by dug wells until 1842, when the Croton water was brought, by gravitation, into the city, through a brick aqueduct, thirty-eight miles in length, crossing the Harlem River by “High Bridge.” The area of the water-shed of the Croton is 338.82 square miles. The storage capacity nine billion gallons. The capacity of the aqueduct is ninety-two millions of gallons per day.
There are three distributing reservoirs:
| One of | 150 | million. | ||
| One of | 1200 | “ | in Central Park. | |
| One of | 24 | “ | ||
| One of | 10¾ | “ | for high service. |
The population is 1,206,500; miles of water-pipe, 500—the largest being seventy-two inches in diameter; the average daily consumption of water ninety-five millions; number of taps, 77,000. All buildings are assessed by frontage-tax besides usual water rates. The meter rate is 7½ cents per thousand gallons.
The original cost of the gravitation works was about nine millions; present water-works valuation is thirty-two millions.
An additional supply from Bronx River is now in course of construction. The water will be conducted through an aqueduct, of forty-eight inch cast-iron pipe, twenty miles in length. During last summer a water-famine was prevented by a Providential rain-fall.
Philadelphia was supplied with water, systematically, in 1801; previously, wells were the only source.