Paris.—Previous to the introduction of the Vanne supply, in 1865, the city was supplied from the following sources:
| CUBIC FEET. | |
| 1. Aqueduct of Arcueil, 10 miles long, built in 1620-24. | 56,480 |
| 2. Canal de l’Ourcq, 60 miles long, from the River Ourcq, built in 1801-22. | 3,671,200 |
| 3. Pumping works at Challiot, from the Seine River | 1,421,000 |
| 4. Pumping works at Quai d’Austerlitz, opp. Challiot. | 28,240 |
| 5. Artesian well of Grenelle | 31,770 |
| 6. Springs on the north side of Paris, and of the Pres. St. Gervais. | 17,650 |
| ———— | |
| Total. | 5,217,340 |
or 39,025,713 gallons per day for 1,600,000 persons, or 25 gallons per head.
The Passey artesian well increased the supply 5½ millions. The Vanne supply has, as its source, the rivers Dhuys and Vanne. The conduit is 83 miles long; its capacity 20 millions daily.
There are projected works (1876) to secure the waters of the Mame that will increase the daily supply 25 millions.
The waters are generally very impure, chiefly obtained from navigable streams. None of the water is filtered. There are two covered reservoirs—Ménilmontant and Montrouge—of vaulted arches, after the Roman style. The pumping works are located in the city. The daily average consumption, in 1868, was 55,861,472 gallons, or 33 gallons per head. Water is distributed throughout Paris, but not more than one-fifth of the houses have water connection. The others are supplied in carts and buckets, carried by men to the door. About 7,000 men, principally natives of Auvergne, are employed thusly. It is a custom to let the water run for three hours, from the public fountains, in the morning to cleanse the streets.
Bombay.—The water-works were commenced in 1856. The source is in the valley of the Goper, where the Vehar impounding reservoir, with a storage capacity of 12,900 million gallons is located. The maximum depth of the reservoir is 80 feet, with an area of 1,394 acres. There are three dams—one 835, one 555, and the other 936 feet long. The extreme height of first dam is 84 feet, inner slope 3 to 1, and the outer 2½ to 1. The embankments were made in layers of six inches. The top width of this dam, which carries a roadway, is 24 feet. The puddle walls are 10 feet wide at the top, and have a batter of 1 in 8 on each side. The trenches, for the foundations, were excavated into the solid basalt below the surface rock. The slopes and tops of all the embankments are covered with stone pitching 12 inches in depth, with another 12 inches of broken stone underneath. The waste weir is 358 feet long, with a top width of 20 feet.