The coal-field wastes are also unaccountable.
No. 2.
OUR SUBTERRANEAN WATER RESOURCES.
Underlying our drift formation is that impervious strata of blue limestone, 1,000 feet in thickness, through which no water can circulate. The lowest limit of this mass of stone is at low water of the Ohio River, at Cincinnati, from which point it anticlines in all directions. There are crevices or pockets, however, in which water has been accidentally found. The following are examples:
| NAME OF OWNER. | LOCATION. | FORMATION. | DEPTH IN FEET. | TOTAL DEPTH OF WELL IN FEET. | DIAMETER OF BORING IN INCHES. | WHERE WATER WAS FOUND. |
| John | Vine Street. | Blue clay. | 25 | |||
| Kaufman. | Sand and quicksand. | 73 | ||||
| Blue clay. | 55 | |||||
| Quicksand and gravel. | 35 | |||||
| Limestone. | 25 | 215 | 3½ | In crevice. | ||
| Soil and quicksand. | 75 | |||||
| Holder’s | Colerain Pike. | Clay. | 90 | |||
| Tannery. | Limestone. | 50 | 215 | 3½ | ||
| Alluvial and gravel. | 80 | |||||
| Freiburg & Workum. | Main Street. | Limestone. | 170 | 250 | — | In crevice. |
The waters of the above wells are necessarily hard, although that at Holder’s tannery is used for all purposes. The water at John Kaufman’s is very turbid. The Freiburg & Workum well was originally a dug one, forty feet deep, but the quantity was insufficient. When they struck the present source, they destroyed the adjoining surface wells of Hoffheimer Bros.
A number of failures to secure water in this limestone formation is on record, but we can notice only a few.
At Rasche Bros., tannery, on Plum Street, opposite Bank Street, they drove a 6 inch well through, respectively, 16 feet of clay, 4 feet quicksand, 15 feet blue clay, 70 feet yellow clay, and solid quarry rock. A pump was then inserted but was inoperative on account of the large amount of sand. They continued the boring to 185 feet, striking clay and soapstone, but found no water, and abandoned the undertaking.
Wm. Kirkup & Son, Pearl and Ludlow, bored 60 feet into rock, for water, without success. At Maddox, Hobart & Co.’s rectifying establishment, they have pierced the rock 150 feet, but found no water up to this date. At Weber’s brewery, on McMicken Avenue, an attempt was made to get water in the rock, and abandoned, after boring to a depth of 458 feet.
The Cincinnati group is about 1,000 feet in thickness of blue limestone, forming, almost exclusively, the rocks of Hamilton County, although an outcrop of the oil stratum has been struck in the wells of the Cincinnati Coffin Company and White Mills Distillery. At the former establishment, flowing gas was found at a depth of 82 feet. Another well was started, and at the same depth gas was discovered. The boring of the latter was then continued into the rock to the depth of 168 feet, when water was found. The water was analyzed by Prof. Wayne with the following result: