History of the Water Supply of the World / arranged in a comprehensive form from eminent authorities, containing a description of the various methods of water supply, pollution and purification of waters, and sanitary effects, with analyses of potable waters, also geology and water strata of Hamilton county, Ohio, statistics of the Ohio river, proposed water supply of Cincinnati.

by Thomas J. Bell

The frictional head, for a given diameter, is as the square of the velocity nearly; and, for different diameters, inversely as the diameters. Thus the loss of head, for each 100 feet of clean cast pipe, the velocity being three feet per second, is 1.35 feet for a 3-inch pipe; 1.02 for a 4-inch; .679 of a foot for a 6-inch; .407 of a foot for a 10-inch; .255 for a 16-inch, and .204 of a foot for a 20 inch pipe. The mean coefficient of friction, for cast-iron pipes of small size, with velocities of three feet, is .00644 for clean pipe; .0082 for slightly tuberculated pipes, and .012 for foul pipes.

WEIGHTS OF CAST-IRON PIPE,

WITH ALLOWANCE ADDED FOR BOWL AND SPIGOT ENDS.

Weights in columns per foot lineal. Iron .2604 per cubic inch.

Inter’l Diam. in Inches.	Thickness of Iron Shell in Inches.
	⅛	¼	⅜	½	⅝	¾	⅞	1	1⅛	1¼	1⅜	1½	1¾	2
2	3	6	9.3	14	19
3	4	9	12.5	18	23
4	5	11	16	23	30	37	44	53
5	6.5	13	20	28	36	44	53	61
6	8	15	24	33	43	52	63	72
8	10	20	32.5	44	56	68	81	93
10	14	26	40.5	56	69	84	99	114
12	15	30	48	65	82	100	117	135
14	18	36	54	75	95	115	137	159
16	20	40	64	86	108	130	154	176
20	26	52.5	79	107	134	162	190	216
24	32	63	95	127	160	192	225	259
30	40	78	118	158	198	238	278	318	358
35	45	90	135	180	225	270	315	360	405	450	495	540
36	47	94	141	188	235	282	335	384	433	483	533	583
40	52	104	156	208	260	312	364	413	465	517	569	621
42	55	110	165	221	276	331	386	442	496	552	608	662	718
48	63	125	189	252	315	379	444	510	573	640	705	771	904	1039

WATER-WORKS STATISTICS

FROM REPORTS FOR 1880 AND 1881.

Cities of U. S.	Miles of Pipe.	Population.	Gals. of Water per day per head.	No. of Taps.	No. of Meters.
Albany, N. Y.	77	90,903	55	2,832	10
Baltimore	524	332,190	—	49,000	524
Boston	500	412,000	87	69,504	1,631
Brooklyn	350	566,889	54	60,000	1,085
Buffalo	102	155,137	122	9,099	—
Chicago	455	503,304	114	67,949	2,113
Cincinnati	196½	264,000	80	24,300	600
Cleveland	125	160,142	65	10,013	402
Columbus, O.	39	51,665	41	2,156	534
Detroit	209	116,342	127	22,465	29
Hartford, Conn.	71	42,553	119	4,291	—
Indianapolis	43	75,074	40	1,200	12
Jersey City	323	120,728	122	—	220
Louisville	110	123,645	33	7,225	251
Milwaukee	86	115,578	75	6,835	—
New York	510	1,206,590	80	80,000	550
Newark, N. J.	136	136,400	67	10,965	150
Philadelphia	746	846,984	67	110,000	30
Pittsburgh	112	156,381	102	—	—
Providence	152	101,255	31	9,691	4,036
Rochester	113	89,363	56	7,588	100
San Francisco	220	233,956	70	—	—
St. Louis	212	350,522	71	20,204	980
Washington, D. C.	175	147,307	176	17,000	—