The Porteurs (Carriers) are described in De Smet’s Letters in our volume xxvii, p. 307, note 160. Consult G. M. Dawson “The Shuswap People,” in Royal Society of Canada Transactions, ix, part ii, pp. 3-44; A. G. Morice, “The Western Dénés” in Canadian Institute Proceedings, 3d series, vol. 7, pp. 109-120; and Franz Boas, in Report of British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1890, pp. 642-647.—Ed.
[191] The Stelatin dwelt on the western end of Fraser Lake; the Nashkutin (Nashkoten) on and about Blackwater River; the Chilcotin (Tchilkoten) on a river of that name [see note 102 (Farnham), ante, p. 81,] and the Nakasletin (Nazeteoten) on Stuart Lake.—Ed.
[192] Brother J. B. McGean (McGill) was an Irishman, who went to the mission field with Fathers Peter De Vos and Adrian Hoeken in 1843. In 1854 he was at St. Ignatius mission where he was farm superintendent.—Ed.
[193] Father de Smet and his Indians followed the aboriginal trail across the Cascades, which afterwards became the foundation of the Barlow Road. See “History of the Barlow Road,” in Oregon Historical Society Quarterly, iii, pp. 71-81. For Mount Hood see our volume vi, p. 248, note 54.—Ed.
[194] For Captain Nathaniel Wyeth and his expeditions to Oregon, see our volume xxi, preface, and p. 23, note 3. This quotation, which is not verbatim, is taken from Wyeth’s Memoir, published in Reports of Committees, 25 Cong., 3 sess., no. 101, p. 11.—Ed.
[195] For the Nez Percé Indians see our volume vi, p. 340, note 145. While closely related the Cayuse are thought by modern ethnologists to be a separate language stock, although they also spoke the Nez Percé tongue. See our volume vii, p. 137, note 37.—Ed.
[196] Now known as Kettle Falls; see our volume vi, p. 346, note 153.—Ed.
[197] For the first two tribes see De Smet’s Letters in our volume xxvii, p. 319, notes 161, 162. The Zingomenes are the Spokan (see Father de Smet’s letter in Chittenden and Richardson, De Smet, iii, p. 801), for whom see our volume vi, p. 341, note 146. Kalispel is an alternative for the Pend d’Oreille, noted in our volume xxvii, p. 141, note 8 (De Smet).—Ed.
[198] The salmon of the Pacific coast rivers comprises five species of one genus, Oncorhyncus: O. chavicha, the quinnat or King salmon; O. nerke, the blue-backed salmon; O. kisutch, the silver salmon; O. keta, the dog salmon; and O. gorbusha, the hump-backed salmon. The sixth variety noted may be the Salmo gairdneri, or steelhead salmon trout.—Ed.
[199] The residence or mission of St. Francis Regis is in the Colville valley, about seven and a half miles from the present town of Colville. On his next visit De Smet found settled in the vicinity about seventy Canadian métis, or half breeds. The station does not appear to have been continuous, but to have been re-established after the Indian wars (1847-56). Later it became a flourishing mission, with schools for boys and girls, and was frequently visited by Spokan and Colville Indians from the neighboring reservations. For the Cree see J. Long’s Voyages in our volume ii, p. 168, note 75.—Ed.