After the Speaker has put the affirmative part of the question, any member who has not spoken before the question, may rise and speak before the negative be put. Because it is no full question till the negative part be put.—Scob. 23; Hats. 73.
But in small matters, and which are of course, such as receiving petitions, reports, withdrawing motions, reading papers, &c., the Speaker most commonly supposes the consent of the House, where no objection is expressed, and does not give them the trouble of putting the question formally.—Scob. 22; 2 Hats. 87. 2. 87; 5 Grey, 129; 9 Grey, 301.
SECTION XL.
BILL, THIRD READING.
To prevent bills from being passed by surprise, the House, by a standing order, directs that they shall not be put on their passage before a fixed hour, naming one at which the House is commonly full.—Hakew. 153.
The usage of the Senate is, not to put bills on their passage till noon.
A bill reported and passed to the third reading, cannot on that day be read the third time and passed. Because this would be to pass on two readings on the same day. At the third reading, the clerk reads the bill, and delivers it to the Speaker, who states the title, that it is the third time of reading the bill, and that the question will be, Whether it shall pass? Formerly, the Speaker, or those who prepared a bill, prepared also a breviate or summary statement of its contents, which the Speaker read when he declared the state of the bill at the several readings. Sometimes, however, he read the bill itself, especially on its passage.—Hakew. 136, 137, 153; Coke, 22, 115. Latterly, instead of this, he, at the third reading, states the whole contents of the bill, verbatim; only instead of reading the formal parts, "be it enacted," &c., he states that "the preamble recites so and so; the first section enacts, that, &c.; the second section enacts," &c.
But in the Senate of the United States, both of these formalities are dispensed with; the breviate presenting but an imperfect view of the bill, and being capable of being made to present a false one; and the full statement being a useless waste of time, immediately after a full reading by the clerk; and especially as every member has a printed copy in his hand.
A bill, on the third reading, is not to be committed for the matter or body thereof; but, to receive some particular clause or proviso, it hath been sometimes suffered, but as a thing very unusual.—Hakew. 156; thus, 27 El. 1584, a bill was committed on the third reading, having been formerly committed on the second; but it is declared not usual.—D'Ewes, 137, col. 2. 414. col. 2.
When an essential provision has been omitted, rather than erase the bill, and render it suspicious, they add a clause on a separate paper, engrossed and called a rider, which is read, and put to the question three times.—Elsynge's Memorials, 59; 6 Grey, 335; 1 Blackst. 183. For examples of riders, see 3 Hats. 121, 122, 124, 126. Every one is at liberty to bring in a rider without asking leave.—10 Grey, 52.
It is laid down as a general rule, that amendments proposed at the second reading shall be twice read, and those proposed at the third reading thrice read; as also all amendments from the other House.—Town. col. 19, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28.