SUICIDE. Arabic Qatlu nafsi-hi (قتل نفسه). Suicide is not once referred to in the Qurʾān, but it is forbidden in the Traditions, where Muḥammad is related to have said: “Whosoever shall kill himself shall suffer in the fire of hell” (al-Buk͟hārī, Arabic ed., p. 984); and “shall be excluded from heaven for ever” (ibid. p. 182). It is also related that the Prophet refused the funeral rites to a suicide (Abū Dāʾūd, Arabic ed., vol. ii. p. 98), but it is usual in Muḥammadan countries to perform the funeral service, although forbidden by the custom of the Prophet himself.
SUKR (سكر). [[DRUNKENNESS].]
SULAIM (سليم). Banū Sulaim. One of the powerful tribes of ancient Arabia, descended from the Banū ʿAdwān.
SULAIMĀN (سليمان). [[SOLOMON].]
ṢULḤ (صلح). “Concord; reconciliation; peace.” It occurs in the Qurʾān, as follows:—
[Sūrah iv. 127]: “And if a woman fears from her husband perverseness or aversion, it is no crime in them both that they should be reconciled to each other, for reconciliation is best.”
S̤ULS̤ (ثلث). “Three-quarters” of a Sīpārah of the Qurʾān, or of the Qurʾān itself. [[QURʾAN].]
SULT̤ĀN (سلطان). A word in modern times used for a ruler or king, as the Sult̤ān of Turkey. Its literal meaning is “strength” or “might,” and in this sense it occurs in the Qurʾān:—
[Sūrah xvii. 35]: “We have given his next of kin authority.”
[Sūrah lxix. 29]: “My authority has perished from me.”