TASHAHHUD (تشهد). Lit. “Testimony.” A declaration of the Muslim faith recited during the stated prayers, immediately after the Taḥīyah, in the same attitude, but with the first finger of the right hand extended, as a witness to the Unity of God. It is as follows: “I testify that there is no deity but God, and I testify that Muḥammad is the Messenger of God.” It is also used as an expression of faith upon a person becoming a Muḥammadan. (Mishkāt, book iv. ch. xvi.) [[PRAYERS].]
TASHRĪQ (تشريق). Lit. “Drying flesh in the sun.” A name given to three days after the sacrifice at Makkah during the Pilgrimage, either because the flesh of the victim is then dried, or because they are not slain until sunrise. [[HAJJ].]
TASLĪM (تسليم). The benediction at the close of the usual form of prayer, “As-salāmu ʿalaikum wa raḥmatu ʿllāh!” (السلام عليكم ورحمة الله), “The peace and mercy of God be with you.” [[PRAYERS].]
TASMĪʿ (تسميع). The following ejaculation which is recited by the Imām in the daily prayers: “God hears him who praises Him.” [[PRAYERS].]
TASMIYAH (تسمية). Lit. “Giving a name.” (1) A title given to the Bismillāh, or the initial sentence, “In the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful.” This occurs at the commencement of each chapter or Sūrah of the Qurʾān, with the exception of the IXth Sūrah. [[QURʾAN].] (2) Also used at the commencement of any religious act (except sacrifice), such as prayer, ablutions, &c. (3) The usual “grace before meat,” amongst Muslims. [[BISMILLAH].]
TASNĪM (تسنيم). Lit. “Anything convex and shelving at both sides.” The name of a fountain in Paradise mentioned in the Qurʾān, [Sūrah lxxxiii. 28]: “Mingled therewith shall be the waters of Tasnīm.”
TAS̤WĪB (تثويب). Repeating the phrase, “Aṣ-ṣalātu k͟hairun mina ʾn-nāum” (i.e. “Prayer is better than sleep”), in the Aẕān for the early morning prayer. [[AZAN], [PRAYER].]
TAT̤AWWUʿ (تطوع). An act of supererogation. A term which includes both the sunnah and nafl actions of the Muslim (q.v.).