Muḥammadan theology may be divided into:—
(1) ʿIlmu ʾt-Tafsīr, a knowledge of the Qurʾān and the commentaries thereon.
(2) ʿIlmu ʾl-Hadīs̤, a knowledge of the Traditions.
(3) ʿIlmu ʾl-Uṣūl, a knowledge of the roots, or of the four principles of the foundations of Muslim law, being expositions of the exegesis of the Qurʾān and the Ḥadīs̤, and the principles of Ijmāʿ and Qiyās.
(4) ʿIlmu ʾl-Fiqh, Muslim law, whether moral, civil, or ceremonial.
(5) ʿIlmu ʾl-ʿAqāʾid, scholastic theology, founded on the six articles of the Muslim creed, the Unity of God, the Angels, the Books, the Prophets, the Resurrection, and Predestination. [[ʿILM].]
THUNDER. Arabic Raʿd (رعد). In the Qurʾān, [Sūrah xiii. 13, 14], it is said: “He (God) it is who shows you the lightning for fear and hope (of rain); and He brings up heavy clouds, and the thunder celebrates His praise; and the angels, too, fear him, and He sends the thunder-clap and overtakes therewith whom He will; yet they wrangle about God! But He is strong in might.”
AT̤-T̤IBBU ʾR-RŪḤĀNI (الطب الروحانى). Lit. “The science (medical) of the heart.” A term used by the Ṣūfīs for a knowledge of the heart and of remedies for its health. (See Kitābu ʾt-Taʿrīfāt.)
TILĀWAH (تلاوة). Lit. “Reading.” The reading of the Qurʾān. [[QURʾAN].]
AT-TĪN (التين). “The Fig.” The title of the XCVth Sūrah of the Qurʾān, the opening words of which are: “I swear by the fig and by the olive.”