The explanations put into parentheses are notes of Mr. Rodwell’s, in whose translation the passage is given, and who quotes the corresponding Talmudic legends.
This story of Yūsuf wa Zulaik͟hāʾ has been celebrated in a well-known Persian poem by ʿAbdu ʾr-Raḥmān Jāmī, and hence Joseph has become the Adonis of the East.
ẔŪ ʾL-FIQĀR (ذو الفقار). Lit. “The Lord of the Vertebræ of the Back.” The name of the celebrated sword which Muḥammad gave to his son-in-law ʿAlī.
ẔŪ ʾL-ḤIJJAH (ذو الحجة). Lit. “The Lord of the Pilgrimage.” The twelfth month of the Muḥammadan year; so called because it is the month appointed for the Makkan pilgrimage.
ẔŪ ʾL-JALĀL (ذو الجلال). “Lord of Majesty.” One of the ninety-nine attributes of God. See Qurʾān, [Sūrah lv. 78]: “Blessed be the name of thy Lord possessed of majesty and glory.”
ẔŪ ʾL-KIFL (ذو الكفل). Lit. “Lord of a portion.” A worthy mentioned in the Qurʾān, [Sūrah xxi. 85]: “And Ishmael, and Idris, and Ẕū ʾl-Kifl, all of these were patient, and we made them enter into our mercy; verily they were among the righteous.” Al-Baiẓāwī says he was so called because he had a portion with God the Most High, and guaranteed his people, or because he had double the work of the prophets of his time, and their reward. According to some writers, he was either Elias, or Joshua, or Zachariah.
The root kafl, having also the meaning of “care,” “support,” other interpreters identify him with the Obadiah of [1 Kings xviii. 4], who supported one hundred prophets in the cave; or Ezekiel, who is called Kāfil by the Arabs. See Niebuhr, Travels, vol. ii. p. 265.
Z̤ULM (ظلم). Lit. “Putting a thing not in its proper place.” (Ar-Rag͟hīb, in loco.) Wrong-doing; acting tyrannically. Muḥammad ibn at̤-T̤aiyib, the author of Annotations on the Qāmūs, says z̤ulm is of three kinds: (1) between man and God, (2) between man and man, (3) between man and himself. In the Qurʾān—
[Sūrah iii. 50]: “God loves not the tyrants (az̤-z̤ālimīna).”
[Sūrah iii. 104]: “God desires not tyranny (z̤ulman) unto the worlds.”