“All praises are due to the Almighty, who is Lord of all the creation!
O Almighty, increase my knowledge!
As long as even some of the peculiar observances of Islām prevail in it, it is the Dāru ʾl-Islām.
The Almighty is Omniscient, Pure and High!
This is the Fatwā passed by one who hopes for the secret favour of the Almighty, who praises God, and prays for blessings and peace on his Prophet.
(Signed) Jamal ibn ʿAbdu ʾl-lah Shaikh ʿUmaru ʾl-Ḥanafi, the present Muftī of Makkah (the Honoured).
May God favour him and his father.”
FAUJDĀR (فوجدآر). An officer of the Mog͟hul Government who was invested with the charge of the police, and jurisdiction in all criminal matters. A criminal judge. Faujdārī is a term now used in British courts for a criminal suit as opposed to dīwānī, or civil.
FAUTU ʾL-ḤAJJ (فوت الحج). The end of the Pilgrimage. [[PILGRIMAGE].]
FAẒL (فضل). Lit. “That which remains over and above; redundant.” A word used in the Qurʾān for God’s grace or kindness. [Sūrah ii. 244]: “God is Lord of grace to men, but most men give no thanks.” The Christian idea of divine grace, as in the New Testament, seems to be better expressed by fayẓ-i-aqdas.
FAẒŪLĪ (فضولى). Lit. “That which is in excess.” A term used in Muḥammadan law for anything unauthorised, e.g. baiʿ-i-faẓūlī, is an unauthorised sale. Nikāḥ-i-faẓūlī is an unauthorised marriage, when the contracts are made by an unauthorised agent.
FEAST DAYS. Arabic ʿīd (عيد); dual ʿīdān; plural aʿyād. The two great festivals of the Muḥammadans are, the ʿĪdu ʾl-Fit̤r, and the ʿĪdu ʾl-Aẓḥā. The other festivals which are celebrated as days of rejoicing are, the Shab-i-Barāt, or the fifteenth day of Shaʿbān; the Nau-Roz, or New Year’s day; the Ak͟hir-i-Chahār Shamba, or the last Wednesday of the month of Ṣafar; the Laylatu ʾr-Rag͟hāʾib, or the first Friday in the month of Rajab; the Maulūd, or the birthday of Muḥammad.
An account of these feasts is given under their respective titles.
FEMALE INFANTICIDE, which existed amongst the ancient Arabians, was condemned by Muḥammad. Vide Qurʾān:—
[Sūrah xvi. 60]: “For when the birth of a daughter is announced to any one of them, dark shadows settle on his face, and he is sad. He hideth himself from the people because of the bad news: shall he keep it with disgrace or bury it in the dust? Are not their judgments wrong.”
[Sūrah xvii. 33]: “Kill not your children for fear of want: for them and for you will We (God) provide.”