The chief Sunnī works on the subject are: Of the Ḥanafī sect, the Hidāyah, the Fatāwā-i-ʿĀlamgīrī, the Durru ʾl-Muk͟htār, and Raddu ʾl-Muḥtār; of the Shāfiʿī and Malakī sects, the Kitābu ʾl-Anwār, the Muḥarrar, and the Ik͟htilāfu ʾl-Aʾimmah. The best-known Shīʿah works on jurisprudence are the Sharāʾiʿu ʾl-Islām, the Mafātīḥ, and the Jāmiʿu ʾsh-Shatāt.
ʿILMU ʾL-ḤADĪS̤ (عـلـم الحديث). The science of the Traditions; i.e. the various canons which have been established for ascertaining the authenticity and genuineness of the Ḥadīs̤ or Traditions. The Nuk͟hbatu ʾl-Fikar, with its commentary the Nuzhatu ʾn-Naz̤ar by Shahābu ʾd-dīn Aḥmad al-ʿAsqalānī (Lee’s ed. Calcutta, 1862), is a well-known work on the subject.
ʿILMU ʾL-HANDASAH (علم الهندسة). The science of Geometry.
ʿILMU ʾL-ḤIKMAH (علم الحكمه). Also ʿIlmu ʾl-Falsafah (علم الفلسفه). [[PHILOSOPHY].]
ʿILMU ʾL-ḤISĀB (عـلـم الحساب). Arithmetic.
ʿILMU ʾL-ILĀHĪYĀT (علم الالهيات). A knowledge of divinity. [[THEOLOGY].]
ʿILMU ʾL-INSHĀʾ (علم الانشاء). The art of literary composition. [[INSHAʾ].]
ʿILMU ʾL-JABR (عـلـم الجـبـر). Algebra.
ʿILMU ʾL-KAFF (علم الكف). The science of palmistry said to have been practised by Daniel.
ʿILMU ʾL-KALĀM (عـلـم الكلام). Scholastic theology. It is also known as ʿIlmu ʾl-ʿAqāʾid, the science of the articles of belief. The author of the Kashfu ʾz̤-Z̤unūn defines it as “the science whereby we are able to bring forward proofs of our religious belief,” and it includes the discussion of the nature of the existence and the attributes of God.