For the Talmudic origin of this account, see [JUDAISM].
JOSHUA. Arabic Yūshaʿ (يوشع). Son of Nūn. Not mentioned by name in the Qurʾān, but is most probably “the servant” mentioned in [Sūrah xviii. 59]: “When Moses said to his servant, ‘I will not stop until I reach the confluence of the two seas, or for years I will journey on.’ ” (Vide al-Baiẓāwī in loco.) Some say he is the Ẕū ʾl-Kifl of [Sūrah xxi. 85]. [[ZU ʾL-KIFL].]
JUBAIR (جبير). Jubair ibn Mut̤ʿim an-Naufalī. One of the Companions, and acknowledged as a traditionist by al-Buk͟hārī and Muslim. He was one of the most learned of the Quraish chiefs. Died at Makkah A.H. 54. Ibn Jubair, his son, was an Imām of great renown, he died A.H. 99.
JUBBU ʾL-ḤUZN (جب الحزن). “The pit of sorrow,” which Muḥammad said was a desert in hell, from which hell itself calls for protection, and which is reserved for readers of the Qurʾān who are haughty in their behaviour. (Mishkāt, book ii. ch. iii.)
JUDGE. Arabic Qāẓī (قاضى). A magistrate or judge appointed by the ruler of a Muḥammadan country. He should be an adult, a free man, a Muslim, sane, and unconvicted of slander (qaẕf). It becomes a Muslim not to covet the appointment of Qāẓī, for the Prophet has said: “Whoever seeks the appointment of Qāẓī shall be left alone, but to him who accepts the office on compulsion, an angel shall descend and guide him.” (Mishkāt, book xvi. ch. iii.)
The Qāẓī must exercise his office in some public place, the chief mosque being recommended, or, if in his own house, he should see that the public have free access. He must not accept any presents except from relatives and old friends, nor should he attend feasts and entertainments given by others than his relatives and friends. In addition to his duties as magistrate, it is his duty to attend funerals and weddings, and when present it is his right and office to perform the ceremonies. A woman may exercise the office of a Qāẓī, except in the administration of punishment (ḥadd) or retaliation (qiṣāṣ). (Hidāyah, vol. ii. p. 613.)
JUDGMENT-DAY. Arabic Qiyāmah (قيامة). [[RESURRECTION].]
AL-JŪDĪ (الجودى). Mount Ararat, upon which the ark of Noah rested. Mentioned in the Qurʾān, [Sūrah xi. 46]: “And it (the ark) settled on al-Jūdī.”
Jūdī is a corruption apparently for Mount Giordi, the Gordyœi of the Greeks, situated between Armenia and Mesopotamia.
Ainsworth, in his Travels in the Track of the Ten Thousand, says tradition still points to Jabal Jūdī as the scene of the event, and maintains the belief that fragments of the ark exist on its summit.