MUBĀRĀT (مباراة). “Mutual discharge.” A term used in the law of divorce when a man says to his wife, “I am discharged from the marriage between you and me,” and she consents thereto. It is the same as k͟hulʿ.
AL-MUBDĪʾ (المبدى). “The Producer or Beginner.” One of the ninety-nine names or attributes of God. It does not occur in the Qurʾān, but the idea is expressed in [Sūrah lxxxv. 13]: “He produces and restores.”
MUBTADIʿ (مبتدع). Lit. “An inventor.” A heretic, or a broacher of new opinions.
MUDABBAR (مدبر). A slave who has received his freedom in consequence of the master’s death, in accordance with a previous promise.
MUDDAʿĪ (مدعى). A plaintiff in a law-suit.
MUDDAʿĪ-ʿALAIH (مدعى عليه). A defendant in a law-suit.
AL-MUDDAS̤S̤IR (المدثر). Lit. “The Enwrapped.” The title of the LXXIVth Sūrah of the Qurʾān, in the first verse of which the word occurs. “O Thou, enwrapped in thy mantle, arise and preach.” This is considered by some to be the earliest Sūrah in the Qurʾān, but others think it was the XCVIth. [[MUHAMMAD].]
MUFARRIḤU ʾL-AḤZAN (مفرح الاحزان). Lit. “The making cheerful under affliction.” A term used by pious Muslims for a spirit of resignation in affliction, which, they say, is to be produced by possessing faith with a firm belief in the decrees of fate. (ʿAbdu ʾr-Razzāq’s Dict. of Ṣūfī Terms.)
MUFSID (مفسد). “A pernicious person.” It occurs in the Qurʾān frequently, e.g. [Sūrah ii. 219]: “God knoweth the foul dealer (mufsid) from the fair dealer (muṣlih).”
MUFTĪ (مفتى). The officer who expounds the law. He assists the Qāẓī, or judge, and supplies him with fatwās, or decisions. He must be learned in the Qurʾān and Ḥadīs̤, and in the Muslim works of law.