MUNĀFIQ (منافق), pl. munāfiqūn. “Hypocrite.” A term especially given to those who in the time of the Prophet, whilst outwardly professing to believe in his mission, secretly denied the faith. They form the subject of the LXIIIrd Sūrah of the Qurʾān, which hence is termed the Sūratu ʾl-Munāfiqūn.
AL-MUNĀFIQŪN (المنافقون). “The Hypocrites.” Title of the LXIIIrd Sūrah of the Qurʾān, whose opening verses are:—
“When the Hypocrites come to thee, they say, ‘We bear witness that thou art the Sent One of God.’ God knoweth that thou art His Sent One: but God beareth witness that the hypocrites do surely lie. Their faith have they used as a cloak, and they turn aside others from the way of God! Evil are all their doings. This, for that they believed, then became unbelievers! Therefore hath a seal been set upon their hearts, and they understand not.”
MUNĀJĀT (مناجاة). Lit. “Whispering to, confidential talk.” Generally used for the extempore prayer offered after the usual liturgical form has been recited. [[PRAYERS].]
MUNAṢṢAF (منصف). Lit. “Reduced to one-half.” A species of prohibited liquor. The juice of grapes boiled until a quantity less than two-thirds evaporates. (Hidāyah, vol. iv. 158.)
MUNF, MANF (منف). The ancient Memphis. Mentioned in the Commentary of the Jalālān on the Qurʾān, [Sūrah xxviii. 14], as the city in which Moses killed the Egyptian.
MUNFIQ (منفق). Lit. “One who spends.” A charitable person. Qurʾān, [Sūrah iii. 15]: “Upon the patient, the truthful, the devout, the charitable, and those who ask for pardon at the dawn.” [[MUMSIK].]
MUNKAR and NAKĪR (منكر و نكير). “The Unknown” and “The Repudiating.” The two angels who are said by Muḥammad to visit the dead in their graves and to interrogate them as to their belief in the Prophet and his religion.
They are described as two black angels with blue eyes. (Mishkāt, book i. ch. v.) [[PUNISHMENTS OF THE GRAVE].]
AL-MUNTAQIM (المنتقم). “The Avenger.” One of the ninety-nine names or attributes of God. It is referred to in the Qurʾān, [Sūrah xxxii. 22]: “Verily We will take vengeance on the sinners.” Also [Sūrahs xliii. 40], and [xliv. 15].