[Sūrah xviii. 43]: “For God is powerful over all.”
[Sūrah liv. 42]: “As he only can punish, who is the Mighty, the Strong.”
[Sūrah v. 55]: “With the powerful king.”
MURĀBAḤAH (مرابحة). A legal term for selling a thing for a profit, when the seller distinctly states that he purchased it for so much and sells it for so much.
MURĀHAQAH (مراهقة). Arriving at Makkah when the ceremonies of the ḥajj are nearly finished. [[HAJJ].]
MURĀHIQ (مراهق). A legal term for a boy or girl who is near the age of puberty.
MURĀQABAH (مراقبة). Meditation; contemplation. An act of devotion performed by the Ṣūfīs. [[SUFI].]
MURDER. Arabic qatl (قتل). Homicide of which Muḥammadan law takes cognisance is of five kinds: (1) Qatlu ʾl-ʿAmd; (2) Qatl shibhu ʾl-ʿAmd; (3) Qatlu ʾl-K͟hat̤āʾ; (4) Qatl qāʾim maqāma ʾl-K͟hat̤āʾ; (5) Qatl bi-Sabab.
(1) Qatlu ʾl-ʿAmd (قتل العمد), or “wilful murder,” is where the perpetrator wilfully kills a person with a weapon, or something that serves for a weapon, such as a club, a sharp stone, or fire. If a person commit wilful murder, two points are established: first, that the murderer is a sinner deserving of hell, for it is written in the Qurʾān ([Sūrah iv. 95]), “Whosoever slayeth a believer purposely, his reward is hell”; and, secondly, that he is liable to retaliation, because it is written in the Qurʾān ([Sūrah ii. 173]), “It is incumbent on you to execute retaliation (Qiṣāṣ) for murder.” But although retaliation is the punishment for wilful murder, still the heir or next of kin can either forgive or compound the offence; as the verse already quoted continues—“Yet he who is pardoned at all by his brother must be prosecuted in reason, and made to pay with kindness.” In this respect Muḥammad departed from the Old Testament law, which made the retaliation compulsory on the next of kin.
One effect of wilful murder is that the murderer is excluded from being heir to the murdered person.