[Sūrah v. 50]: “And how will they make thee their judge, since they have beside them the Tourât, in which is the command of God? Then they will turn their back after that, and these are not believers. Verily We have revealed the Tourât; therein is guidance and light. The prophets that submitted themselves to God judged thereby those that were Jews; and the doctors and priests (did the same), in accordance with that which was confided to their charge of the book of God, and they were witnesses thereof. Wherefore fear not man, but fear Me, and sell not thou the signs of God for a small price. And he that doth not judge by that which God hath revealed, verily they are the unbelievers. And We have written for them,—verily life for life, and eye for eye, and nose for nose, and ear for ear, and tooth for tooth; and for wounding retaliation; and he that remitteth the same as alms it shall be an atonement unto him. And he that judgeth not by that which God hath sent down, they are the transgressors. And We caused Jesus, the Son of Mary, to follow in their footsteps, attesting the Scripture of the Tourât which preceded it; and We gave Him the Gospel, wherein is guidance and light, which attests the Tourât that preceded it, and a direction and an admonition to the pious;—that the people of the Gospel might judge according to that which God hath revealed therein, and he that doth not judge according to that which God hath revealed, verily they are the flagitious ones. And We have revealed unto thee the book in truth, attesting that (Scripture) which precedeth it, and a custodian (or a witness) thereof. Wherefore judge between them in accordance with that which God hath revealed, and follow not their vain desires (by swerving) away from that which hath come unto thee. To every one of you have We given a law and a way; and if God had pleased, He had made you all of one faith;—but (He hath not done so, in order) that He might try you in that which He hath given you.”
[Sūrah v. 68]: “Say,—O people of the Book! is there any other cause of your enmity against us, but that we believe in God, and in that which hath been revealed unto us, and in that which hath been revealed from before?—but the most of you are evil doers.”
[Sūrah v. 77]: “Say,—O ye people of the Book! ye are not grounded upon anything, until ye set up (or observe) the Tourât and the Gospel, and that which hath been revealed unto you from your Lord.”
[Sūrah v. 91]: “Thou wilt surely find the most bitter amongst mankind in their hatred towards those that believe to be the Jews and the idolaters. And thou wilt surely find the most friendly inclined amongst them towards the believers, to be those who say, We are Christians. That is because there are amongst them clergy and monks, and they are not arrogant. When they hear that which hath been revealed to the prophet, thou wilt see their eyes flowing with tears because of that which they recognise of the truth. They say, O our Lord! we believe; write us down with the witnesses; and what should hinder us that we should not believe in God, and in that which hath come unto us of the truth? and we desire that our Lord should introduce us amongst the righteous. God hath rewarded them for that which they have said, with gardens through which flow rivulets. They shall be for ever therein and that is the reward of the virtuous.”
[Sūrah v. 119]: “And (call to mind) when God said,—O Jesus, Son of Mary! remember My favour towards thee, and towards thy Mother, when I strengthened thee with the Holy Spirit, that thou shouldest speak unto man, in the cradle, and also in mature age; and I taught thee the Scriptures, and wisdom, and the Tourât, and the Gospel; and when thou madest of clay in the form of a bird by My command, and thou blewest thereupon, and it became a bird by My command; and thou healedst the blind and the leper by My command; and when thou didst raise the dead by My command.… And when I spake by inspiration unto the apostles, saying,—Believe in Me, and in My apostle (i.e. Jesus;) they said,—We believe; bear witness that we are true believers.”
[Sūrah lxvi. 13]: “And Mary the daughter of Imrān, who preserved her virginity; and We breathed into her of Our spirit, and she attested the words of her Lord and His Scriptures, and was amongst the pious.”
[Sūrah ix. 113]: “Verily, God hath bought from the believers their selves and their wealth, on the condition of paradise for them if they fight in the ways of God:—and whether they slay or be slain, the promise of God thereupon is true in the Tourât, and in the Gospel, and in the Qurʾān.” [[CHRISTIANITY], [JEWS], [JUDAISM].]
OMER. [[ʿUMAR].]
OMMIADES. Arabic Banū Umaiyah (بنو امية), or ad-Daulatu ʾl-Umawīyah (الدولة الاموية). The dynasty of K͟halīfahs who reigned from A.H. 41 (A.D. 661) to A.H. 132 (A.D. 750), descended from Muʿāwiyah, who was the great grandson of Umaiyah of the Quraish tribe. Muʿāwiyah, the son of Abū Sufyān, took possession of the K͟halīfate on the death of al-Ḥasan, and established his capital at Damascus. The dynasty includes the names of fourteen K͟halīfahs.
| 1. | Muʿāwiyah, A.H. 41. |
| 2. | Yazīd (son of Muʿāwiyah), A.H. 60. |
| 3. | Muʿāwiyah II. (son of Yazīd), A.H. 64. |
| 4. | Marwān I. (son of al-Ḥakam), A.H. 64. |
| 5. | ʿAbdu ʾl Malik (son of Marwān), A.H. 65. |
| 6. | Al-Walīd (son of ʿAbdu ʾl-Malik), A.H. 86. |
| 7. | Sulaimān (son of ʿAbdu ʾl-Malik), A.H. 96. |
| 8. | ʿUmar II. (son of ʿAbdu ʾl-ʿAzīz, son of Marwān), A.H. 99. |
| 9. | Yazīd II. (son of ʿAbdu ʾl-Malik), A.H. 101. |
| 10. | Hishām (son of ʿAbdu ʾl-Malik), A.H. 105. |
| 11. | Al-Walīd II. (son of Yazīd), A.H. 125. |
| 12. | Yazīd III. (son of al-Walīd), A.H. 126. |
| 13. | Ibrāhīm (son of al-Walīd), A.H. 126. |
| 14. | Marwān II. (son of Muḥammad, son of Marwān), A.H. 127–132. |